In derogation from section 427, the carrier will be relieved of liability insofar as the loss or damage is due to one of the following risks:
1. carriage of precious metals, jewels, precious stones, money, stamps, coins, securities or documents;
2. insufficient packaging or labelling by the sender;
3. handling, loading or unloading of the goods by the sender;
4. carriage in containers not packed by the carrier;
5. loading or unloading of goods the size or weight of which does not correspond to the space available at the place designated for loading or unloading, provided the carrier had informed the sender in advance of the risk of damage and the sender had insisted on the service being carried out;
6. carriage of livestock or of plants;
7. natural or defective condition of the goods, which particularly exposes them to damage, especially through breakage, failures of function, rust, decay or leakage.
(2) If damage has occurred which, in the circumstances, might have been due to one of the risks specified in subsection (1), then it is presumed that it has in fact been caused by this risk.
(3) Carriers may avail themselves of subsection (1) only if they have taken all the measures incumbent upon them in the circumstances, and have complied with any special instructions.