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BGB (EN)

German Civil Code
BGB-EN · official text on Gesetze im Internet — official English translation

🇩🇪 Auf Deutsch lesen (original text)

This is the German Federal Ministry of Justice's own official English translation, by Langenscheidt Übersetzungsservice, updated by Neil Mussett. The translation has most recently been revised and updated by Samson Übersetzungen GmbH, Dr. Carmen v. Schöning. The German original linked above is the legally authoritative text.

Sections

Book 1 General part

Title 1 Natural persons, consumers, traders

• Section 1 — Beginning of legal capacity
• Section 2 — Beginning of majority
• Section 3-6
• Section 7 — Residence; establishment and termination
• Section 8 — Residence of persons who lack full capacity to contract
• Section 9 — Residence of a soldier
• Section 10
• Section 11 — Residence of a child
• Section 12 — Right to a name
• Section 13 — Consumer
• Section 14 — Trader
• Section 15-20
• Section 21 — Non-commercial association
• Section 22 — Commercial association
• Section 23
• Section 24 — Seat
• Section 25 — Constitution
• Section 26 — Board and representation
• Section 27 — Appointment of and management by the board
• Section 28 — Passing of resolutions by the board
• Section 29 — Emergency appointment by local court
• Section 30 — Special representatives
• Section 31 — Liability of an association for organs
• Section 31a — Liability of members of organs and special representatives
• Section 31b — Liability of members of the association
• Section 32 — General meeting; passing of resolutions
• Section 33 — Amendment of articles of association
• Section 34 — Exclusion from voting
• Section 35 — Special rights
• Section 36 — Convening the general meeting
• Section 37 — Convening a meeting at the request of a minority
• Section 38 — Membership
• Section 39 — Leaving the association
• Section 40 — Flexible provisions
• Section 41 — Dissolution of the association
• Section 42 — Insolvency
• Section 43 — Deprivation of legal personality
• Section 44 — Jurisdiction and procedure
• Section 45 — Devolution of the assets of the association
• Section 46 — Devolution on the treasury
• Section 47 — Liquidation
• Section 48 — Liquidators
• Section 49 — Duties of the liquidators
• Section 50 — Notice by publication of the association in liquidation
• Section 50a — Newspaper for notices
• Section 51 — One-year waiting period
• Section 52 — Security for creditors
• Section 53 — Liability in damages of the liquidators
• Section 54 — Associations without legal personality

Chapter 2 Registered associations

• Section 55 — Jurisdiction over entry in the register
• Section 55a — Electronic register of associations
• Section 56 — Minimum number of members of the association
• Section 57 — Minimum requirements of the articles of association
• Section 58 — Recommended contents of the articles of association
• Section 59 — Application for registration
• Section 60 — Rejection of the application
• Section 61-63
• Section 64 — Contents of the entry in the register of associations
• Section 65 — Addition to name
• Section 66 — Notice by publication of the entry and safekeeping of documents
• Section 67 — Changes to the board
• Section 68 — Protection of public confidence by the register of associations
• Section 69 — Documentary proof of composition of the board
• Section 70 — Protection of public confidence in case of entries on power of agency
• Section 71 — Amendments of the articles of association
• Section 72 — Certificate on number of members
• Section 73 — Decrease to below the minimum number of members
• Section 74 — Dissolution
• Section 75 — Entries in the case of insolvency
• Section 76 — Register entries in the event of liquidation
• Section 77 — Parties obliged to apply for entry in the register and form of applications
• Section 78 — Assessment of coercive fines
• Section 79 — Inspection of the register of associations
• Section 79a — Application of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 to registration proceedings
• Section 80 — Formation of a foundation having legal personality
• Section 81 — Endowment transaction
• Section 82 — Duty of founder to make transfers
• Section 83 — Testamentary foundation
• Section 84 — Recognition after the death of the founder
• Section 85 — Constitution of foundation
• Section 86 — Application of law on associations
• Section 87 — Change of objects; termination
• Section 88 — Devolution of assets

Subtitle 3 Legal persons under public law

• Section 89 — Liability for organs; insolvency

Division 2 Things and animals

• Section 90 — Concept of the thing
• Section 90a — Animals
• Section 91 — Fungible things
• Section 92 — Consumable things
• Section 93 — Essential parts of a thing
• Section 94 — Essential parts of a plot of land or a building
• Section 95 — Merely temporary purpose
• Section 96 — Rights as parts of a plot of land
• Section 97 — Accessories
• Section 98 — Commercial and agricultural inventory
• Section 99 — Fruits
• Section 100 — Emoluments
• Section 101 — Division of fruits
• Section 102 — Reimbursement of costs of production
• Section 103 — Allocation of charges

Title 1 Capacity to contract

• Section 104 — Incapacity to contract
• Section 105 — Voidness of declaration of intent
• Section 105a — Everyday transactions
• Section 106 — Limited capacity for minors to contract
• Section 107 — Consent of legal representative
• Section 108 — Entry into a contract without consent
• Section 109 — Right of withdrawal by the other party
• Section 110 — Performance effected with means of the minor’s own
• Section 111 — Unilateral legal transactions
• Section 112 — Independent operation of a trade or business
• Section 113 — Service or employment relationship

Title 2 Declaration of intent

• Section 116 — Mental reservation
• Section 117 — Sham transaction
• Section 118 — Lack of seriousness
• Section 119 — Voidability for mistake
• Section 120 — Voidability for incorrect transmission
• Section 121 — Period for avoidance
• Section 122 — Liability in damages of the person avoiding a declaration
• Section 123 — Voidability on the grounds of deceit or duress
• Section 124 — Period of time for avoidance
• Section 125 — Voidness resulting from a defect of form
• Section 126 — Written form
• Section 126a — Electronic form
• Section 126b — Text form
• Section 127 — Agreed form
• Section 127a — Court settlement
• Section 128 — Notarial recording
• Section 129 — Official certification
• Section 130 — Effectiveness of a declaration of intent to absent parties
• Section 131 — Effectiveness in relation to persons without full capacity to contract
• Section 132 — Substitution of service for receipt
• Section 133 — Interpretation of a declaration of intent
• Section 134 — Statutory prohibition
• Section 135 — Statutory prohibition of alienation
• Section 136 — Official prohibition of alienation
• Section 137 — Prohibition of dispositions in a legal transaction
• Section 138 — Legal transaction offending common decency; usury
• Section 139 — Partial invalidity
• Section 140 — Re-interpretation
• Section 141 — Confirmation of a void legal transaction
• Section 142 — Effect of avoidance
• Section 143 — Declaration of avoidance
• Section 144 — Confirmation of a voidable legal transaction

Title 3 Contract

• Section 145 — Binding effect of an offer
• Section 146 — Expiry of an offer
• Section 147 — Period for acceptance
• Section 148 — Fixing a period for acceptance
• Section 149 — Late receipt of a declaration of acceptance
• Section 150 — Late acceptance and acceptance altering the offer
• Section 151 — Acceptance without declaration to the offeror
• Section 152 — Acceptance in the case of notarial recording
• Section 153 — Death of the offeror or offeror’s incapacity to contract
• Section 154 — Overt lack of agreement; lack of notarial recording
• Section 155 — Hidden lack of agreement
• Section 156 — Entry into contracts at auctions
• Section 157 — Interpretation of contracts

Title 4 Conditions and specification of time

• Section 158 — Conditions precedent and subsequent
• Section 159 — Retroactive effect
• Section 160 — Liability during the period pending fulfilment of the condition
• Section 161 — Ineffectiveness of dispositions in the period pending fulfilment of the condition
• Section 162 — Prevention of or bringing about the satisfaction of the condition
• Section 163 — Specification of time

Title 5 Agency and authority

• Section 164 — Effect of a declaration made by the agent
• Section 165 — Agent with limited capacity to contract
• Section 166 — Vitiation of intent; imputed knowledge
• Section 167 — Conferment of authority
• Section 168 — Expiry of authority
• Section 169 — Authority of the authorised representative and the managing partner
• Section 170 — Period of effectiveness of the authority
• Section 171 — Period of effectiveness in the case of announcement
• Section 172 — Letter of authorisation
• Section 173 — Period of effectiveness in the case of knowledge and negligent lack of knowledge
• Section 174 — Unilateral legal transaction by an authorised representative
• Section 175 — Return of the letter of authorisation
• Section 176 — Declaration of invalidity of the letter of authorisation
• Section 177 — Entry into contract by a representative having no power of agency
• Section 178 — Right of revocation of the other party
• Section 179 — Liability of a representative having no power of agency
• Section 180 — Unilateral legal transactions
• Section 181 — Contracting with oneself

Title 6 Consent and ratification

• Section 182 — Approval
• Section 183 — Revocability of consent
• Section 184 — Retroactive effect of ratification
• Section 185 — Disposition by an unauthorised person

Division 4 Periods of time and fixed dates

• Section 186 — Scope of applicability
• Section 187 — Beginning of a period of time
• Section 188 — End of a period of time
• Section 189 — Calculation of individual periods of time
• Section 190 — Extension of a period of time
• Section 191 — Calculation of periods of time
• Section 192 — Beginning, middle and end of a month
• Section 193 — Sundays and holidays; Saturdays

Title 1 Subject-matter and duration of limitation

• Section 194 — Subject-matter of limitation
• Section 195 — Standard limitation period
• Section 196 — Limitation period for rights to a plot of land
• Section 197 — Thirty-year limitation period
• Section 198 — Limitation in the case of a successor in title
• Section 199 — Commencement of the standard limitation period and maximum limitation periods
• Section 200 — Commencement of other limitation periods
• Section 201 — Commencement of the limitation period for recognised claims
• Section 202 — Inadmissibility of agreements on limitation

Title 2 Suspension, suspension of expiry and recommencement of the limitation period

• Section 203 — Suspension of limitation in the case of negotiations
• Section 204 — Suspension of limitation as a result of prosecution of rights
• Section 205 — Suspension of limitation in the case of a right to refuse performance
• Section 206 — Suspension of limitation in case of force majeure
• Section 207 — Suspension of limitation for reasons of family relationship and similar reasons
• Section 208 — Suspension of limitation in the case of claims for infringement of the right to sexual self-determination
• Section 209 — Effect of suspension
• Section 210 — Suspension of expiry of the limitation period in the case of persons without full capacity to contract
• Section 211 — Suspension of expiry of the limitation period in matters relating to estates
• Section 212 — Recommencement of the limitation period
• Section 213 — Suspension, suspension of expiry of the limitation period and recommencement of limitation in the case of other claims

Title 3 Legal consequences of limitation

• Section 214 — Effect of limitation
• Section 215 — Set-off and right of retention after a claim is statute-barred
• Section 216 — Effect of limitation in the case of secured claims
• Section 217 — Limitation of collateral performance
• Section 218 — Ineffectiveness of rescission

Division 6 Exercise of rights, self-defence, self-help

• Section 226 — Prohibition of chicanery
• Section 227 — Self-defence against persons
• Section 228 — Necessity
• Section 229 — Self-help
• Section 230 — Limits of self-help
• Section 231 — Self-help by mistake

Division 7 Provision of security

• Section 232 — Types
• Section 233 — Effect of deposit
• Section 234 — Suitable securities
• Section 235 — Right to exchange
• Section 236 — Book-entry securities
• Section 237 — Movable things
• Section 238 — Mortgages, land charges and annuity land charges
• Section 239 — Surety
• Section 240 — Duty to supplement security

Book 2 Law of obligations

Title 1 Duty to render performance

• Section 241 — Duties arising from an obligation
• Section 241a — Unsolicited performance
• Section 242 — Performance in good faith
• Section 243 — Obligation described by class
• Section 244 — Foreign currency obligation
• Section 245 — Obligation payable in a specific denomination of money
• Section 246 — Statutory interest rate
• Section 247 — Basic rate of interest
• Section 248 — Compound interest
• Section 249 — Nature and extent of compensation of damages
• Section 250 — Damages in money after the specification of a period of time
• Section 251 — Damages in money without the specification of a period of time
• Section 252 — Lost profits
• Section 253 — Intangible damage
• Section 254 — Contributory negligence
• Section 255 — Assignment of claims to compensation
• Section 256 — Payment of interest on expenses
• Section 257 — Claim to release
• Section 258 — Right of removal
• Section 259 — Extent of duty to render accounts
• Section 260 — Duties when surrendering objects or providing information on an aggregate of objects
• Section 261 — Modification of a declaration in lieu of an oath; costs
• Section 262 — Alternative obligation; right of choice
• Section 263 — Exercise of the right of choice; effect
• Section 264 — Default by the person entitled to the right of choice
• Section 265 — Impossibility in case of alternative obligations
• Section 266 — Part performance
• Section 267 — Performance by third parties
• Section 268 — Right of redemption of a third party
• Section 269 — Place of performance
• Section 270 — Place of payment
• Section 270a — Agreements on fees for the use of non-cash means of payment
• Section 271 — Time of performance
• Section 271a — Agreements on payment deadlines, verification periods or periods for acceptance
• Section 272 — Interim interest
• Section 273 — Right of retention
• Section 274 — Effects of the right of retention
• Section 275 — Exclusion of the duty of performance
• Section 276 — Responsibility of the obligor
• Section 277 — Standard of care in one’s own affairs
• Section 278 — Responsibility of the obligor for third parties
• Section 279
• Section 280 — Damages for breach of duty
• Section 281 — Damages in lieu of performance for non-performance or failure to render performance as owed
• Section 282 — Damages in lieu of performance for breach of a duty under section 241 (2)
• Section 283 — Damages in lieu of performance where the duty of performance is excluded
• Section 284 — Reimbursement of futile expenses
• Section 285 — Surrender of substitute benefit
• Section 286 — Default of the obligor
• Section 287 — Responsibility during default
• Section 288 — Default interest and other damage caused by default *)
• Section 289 — Prohibition of compound interest
• Section 290 — Interest on compensation for value
• Section 291 — Interest during legal proceedings
• Section 292 — Liability in the case of a duty to surrender

Title 2 Default by the obligee

• Section 293 — Default in acceptance
• Section 294 — Actual offer
• Section 295 — Verbal offer
• Section 296 — Dispensability of the offer
• Section 297 — Inability of the obligor
• Section 298 — Concurrent performance
• Section 299 — Temporary prevention of acceptance
• Section 300 — Effects of default by the obligee
• Section 301 — Cessation of interest
• Section 302 — Emoluments
• Section 303 — Right to abandon possession
• Section 304 — Compensation for extra expenses
• Section 305 — Incorporation of standard business terms into the contract
• Section 305a — Incorporation in special cases
• Section 305b — Priority of individually agreed terms
• Section 305c — Surprising and ambiguous clauses
• Section 306 — Legal consequences of non-incorporation and ineffectiveness
• Section 306a — Prohibition of circumvention
• Section 307 — Test of reasonableness of contents
• Section 308 — Prohibited clauses with the possibility of valuation
• Section 309 — Prohibited clauses without the possibility of valuation
• Section 310 — Scope of application

Subtitle 1 Creation

• Section 311 — Obligations created by legal transaction and obligations similar to legal transactions
• Section 311a — Impediment preventing performance at conclusion of contract
• Section 311b — Contracts on plots of land, assets and an estate
• Section 311c — Application to accessories
• Section 312 — Scope of application
• Section 312a — General obligations and principles applying to consumer contracts; limits to the agreement of remuneration

Chapter 2 Off-premises contracts and distance contracts

• Section 312b — Off-premises contracts
• Section 312c — Distance contracts
• Section 312d — Obligations to provide information
• Section 312e — Violation of information obligations as to costs
• Section 312f — Copies and confirmations
• Section 312g — Right of withdrawal
• Section 312h — Termination and authorisation to terminate

Chapter 3 Contracts concluded in electronic commerce

• Section 312i — General obligations in electronic commerce
• Section 312j — Special obligations vis-à-vis consumers in electronic commerce

Chapter 4 Deviating agreements and burden of proof

• Section 312k — Deviating agreements and burden of proof

Subtitle 3 Adaptation and ending of contracts

• Section 313 — Interference with the basis of the transaction
• Section 314 — Termination, for a compelling reason, of contracts for the performance of a continuing obligation

Subtitle 4 Unilateral rights to specify performance

• Section 315 — Specification of performance by one party
• Section 316 — Specification of consideration
• Section 317 — Specification of performance by a third party
• Section 318 — Avoidance of specification
• Section 319 — Ineffectiveness of the specification; substitution

Title 2 Reciprocal contract

• Section 320 — Defence of unperformed contract
• Section 321 — Defence of uncertainty
• Section 322 — Order to perform in return for, and concurrently with, performance
• Section 323 — Rescission for non-performance or for performance not as contractually agreed
• Section 324 — Rescission for breach of a duty under section 241 (2)
• Section 325 — Damages and revocation
• Section 326 — Release from consideration and rescission where the duty of performance is excluded

Subtitle 1 Consumer contracts on digital products

• Section 327 — Scope of application
• Section 327a — Application to bundle contracts and contracts relating to things with digital elements
• Section 327b — Supply of digital products
• Section 327c — Rights in the case of failure to effect supply
• Section 327d — Conformity of digital products
• Section 327e — Product deficiency
• Section 327f — Updates
• Section 327g — Defect of title
• Section 327h — Deviating agreements on product features
• Section 327i — Rights of the consumer in the case of deficiencies
• Section 327j — Limitation
• Section 327k — Shifting the burden of proof
• Section 327l — Cure
• Section 327m — Termination of the contract and compensation of damages
• Section 327n — Abatement
• Section 327o — Declaration of termination of contract and its legal consequences
• Section 327p — Continued use following termination of the contract
• Section 327q — Consequences under contract law of declarations governed by data protection law made by the consumer
• Section 327r — Modifications of digital products
• Section 327s — Deviating agreements

Subtitle 2 Special provisions on contracts on digital products between traders

• Section 327t — Scope of application
• Section 327u — Recourse of the trader

Title 3 Promise of performance to a third party

• Section 328 — Contract for the benefit of third parties
• Section 329 — Interpretation rule where there is an assumption of the duty to perform
• Section 330 — Interpretation rule in the case of life annuity contracts
• Section 331 — Performance after death
• Section 332 — Modification by disposition mortis causa in case of reservation
• Section 333 — Rejection of the right by the third party
• Section 334 — Objections of the obligor in relation to the third party
• Section 335 — Right of the promisee to make demands

Title 4 Earnest, penalty for breach of contract

• Section 336 — Interpretation of earnest
• Section 337 — Crediting or return of the earnest
• Section 338 — Earnest in case of impossibility of performance for which the giver of earnest is responsible
• Section 339 — Payability of penalty for breach of contract
• Section 340 — Promise to pay a penalty for non-performance
• Section 341 — Promise of a penalty for improper performance
• Section 342 — Alternatives to monetary penalty
• Section 343 — Reduction of the penalty
• Section 344 — Ineffective promise of a penalty
• Section 345 — Burden of proof

Subtitle 1 Rescission

• Section 346 — Effects of rescission
• Section 347 — Emoluments and outlays after rescission
• Section 348 — Satisfaction of obligations in return for, and concurrently with, performance
• Section 349 — Declaration of rescission
• Section 350 — Expiry of the right of rescission after a period of time has been specified
• Section 351 — Indivisibility of the right of rescission
• Section 352 — Set-off after non-performance
• Section 353 — Rescission in return for forfeit money
• Section 354 — Forfeiture of rights

Subtitle 2 Right of withdrawal in the case of consumer contracts

• Section 355 — Right of withdrawal in the case of consumer contracts
• Section 356 — Right of withdrawal in the case of off-premises contracts and distance contracts
• Section 356a — Right of withdrawal in the case of timeshare contracts, long-term holiday product contracts, brokerage contracts, and exchange system contracts
• Section 356b — Right of withdrawal in the case of consumer credit agreements
• Section 356c — Right of withdrawal in the case of contracts for delivery by instalments
• Section 356d — Withdrawal right of the consumer in the case of credit agreements for a gratuitous loan and in the case of gratuitous financial accommodation
• Section 356e — Right of withdrawal in the case of construction contracts with consumers
• Section 357 — Legal consequences of the withdrawal from off-premises contracts and distance contracts, to the exception of contracts relating to financial services
• Section 357a — Legal consequences of the withdrawal from contracts relating to financial services
• Section 357b — Legal consequences of the withdrawal from timeshare, long-term holiday product, brokerage contracts, and exchange system contracts
• Section 357c — Legal consequences of the withdrawal from contracts for delivery by instalments that are neither distance contracts nor off-premises contracts
• Section 357d — Legal consequences of the withdrawal from a construction contract with a consumer
• Section 358 — Contracts linked to the contract from which the consumer has withdrawn
• Section 359 — Objections in the case of linked contracts
• Section 360 — Related contracts
• Section 361 — Further claims, deviating agreements and burden of proof

Title 1 Performance

• Section 362 — Extinction by performance
• Section 363 — Burden of proof in the case of acceptance as performance of contract
• Section 364 — Acceptance in lieu of performance of contract
• Section 365 — Warranty in the case of handover in lieu of performance of contract
• Section 366 — Crediting of performance to more than one claim
• Section 367 — Crediting to interest and costs
• Section 368 — Receipt
• Section 369 — Costs of the receipt
• Section 370 — Performance to the bringer of the receipt
• Section 371 — Return of the certificate of indebtedness

Title 2 Deposit

• Section 372 — Prerequisites
• Section 373 — Concurrent performance
• Section 374 — Place of deposit; duty to notify
• Section 375 — Retroactive effect with dispatch by mail
• Section 376 — Right to take back
• Section 377 — Unpledgeability of the right to take back
• Section 378 — Effect of deposit where taking back is excluded
• Section 379 — Effect of deposit where taking back is not excluded
• Section 380 — Proof of entitlement to receive
• Section 381 — Costs of deposit
• Section 382 — Extinction of the right of the obligee
• Section 383 — Auction of things not capable of deposit
• Section 384 — Warning of auction
• Section 385 — Sale by private agreement
• Section 386 — Costs of the auction

Title 3 Set-off

• Section 387 — Prerequisites
• Section 388 — Declaration of set-off
• Section 389 — Effect of set-off
• Section 390 — No set-off against a claim subject to a defence
• Section 391 — Set-off in the case of different places of performance
• Section 392 — Set-off against a seized claim
• Section 393 — No set-off against a claim in tort
• Section 394 — No set-off against an unpledgeable claim
• Section 395 — Set-off against claims of public-law corporations
• Section 396 — More than one claim

Title 4 Forgiveness

• Section 397 — Contract of forgiveness, acknowledgement of non-indebtedness

Division 5 Transfer of a claim

• Section 398 — Assignment
• Section 399 — Exclusion of assignment in case of change of content or by agreement
• Section 400 — Exclusion in case of unpledgeable claims
• Section 401 — Devolution of accessory rights and preferential rights
• Section 402 — Duty to provide information; provision of documents
• Section 403 — Duty of notarial recording
• Section 404 — Objections by the obligor
• Section 405 — Assignment with presentation of documents
• Section 406 — Set-off in relation to the new obligee
• Section 407 — Legal acts in relation to the previous obligee
• Section 408 — Multiple assignments
• Section 409 — Notice of assignment
• Section 410 — Delivery of the assignment document
• Section 411 — Assignment of salary
• Section 412 — Statutory devolution of claims
• Section 413 — Transfer of other rights

Division 6 Assumption of debt

• Section 414 — Contract between obligee and transferee
• Section 415 — Contract between obligor and transferee
• Section 416 — Assumption of a mortgage debt
• Section 417 — Objections of the transferee
• Section 418 — Extinction of security rights and preferential rights
• Section 419

Division 7 More than one obligor and obligee

• Section 420 — Divisible performance
• Section 421 — Joint and several debtors
• Section 422 — Effect of performance
• Section 423 — Effect of forgiveness
• Section 424 — Effect of default by the obligee
• Section 425 — Effect of other facts
• Section 426 — Duty to adjust advancements, devolution of claim
• Section 427 — Joint contractual duty
• Section 428 — Joint and several obligees
• Section 429 — Effect of changes
• Section 430 — Duty of the joint and several obligees to adjust advancements
• Section 431 — More than one obligor of indivisible performance
• Section 432 — More than one obligee of indivisible performance

Subtitle 1 General provisions

• Section 433 — Contractual duties typical for a purchase agreement
• Section 434 — Material defects
• Section 435 — Defects of title
• Section 436 — Public charges on plots of land
• Section 437 — Rights of buyer in the case of defects
• Section 438 — Limitation of claims for defects
• Section 439 — Cure
• Section 440 — Special provisions on rescission and damages
• Section 441 — Abatement of price
• Section 442 — Knowledge of the buyer
• Section 443 — Guarantee
• Section 444 — Exclusion of liability
• Section 445 — Limitation of liability in the case of public auctions
• Section 445a — Recourse of the seller
• Section 445b — Limitation of recourse claims
• Section 445c — Recourse in the case of contracts on digital products
• Section 446 — Devolution of risk and of charges
• Section 447 — Devolution of risk in the case of sales shipment
• Section 448 — Costs of delivery and comparable costs
• Section 449 — Retention of title
• Section 450 — Excluded buyers in the case of certain sales
• Section 451 — Purchase by excluded buyer
• Section 452 — Purchase of a ship
• Section 453 — Purchase of rights, consumer contract on the purchase of digital content
• Section 454 — Coming into existence of the purchase agreement
• Section 455 — Approval period

Chapter 2 Repurchase

• Section 456 — Coming into existence of the repurchase agreement
• Section 457 — Liability of the reseller
• Section 458 — Removal of third-party rights
• Section 459 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 460 — Repurchase at estimated value
• Section 461 — More than one person entitled to repurchase
• Section 462 — Cut-off period

Chapter 3 Preemption

• Section 463 — Prerequisites for exercise
• Section 464 — Exercise of the right of preemption
• Section 465 — Ineffective agreements
• Section 466 — Collateral performance
• Section 467 — Total price
• Section 468 — Deferral of the purchase price
• Section 469 — Duty to notify, exercise period
• Section 470 — Sale to heir on intestacy
• Section 471 — Sale in case of compulsory enforcement or insolvency
• Section 472 — More than one person with a right of preemption
• Section 473 — Non-transferability
• Section 474 — Purchase of consumer goods
• Section 475 — Applicable provisions
• Section 475a — Contract for the sale of consumer goods relating to digital products
• Section 475b — Material defect of a good with digital elements
• Section 475c — Material defect of a good with digital elements where the digital elements are supplied on a continuous basis
• Section 475d — Special provisions on rescission and compensation of damages
• Section 475e — Special provisions on limitation
• Section 476 — Deviating agreements
• Section 477 — Shifting the burden of proof
• Section 478 — Special provisions concerning recourse by the trader
• Section 479 — Special provisions for guarantees

Subtitle 4 Exchange

• Section 480 — Exchange

Title 2 Timeshare contracts, long-term holiday product contracts, brokerage contracts and exchange system contracts

• Section 481 — Time share contracts
• Section 481a — Long-term holiday product contract
• Section 481b — Facilitation contract, exchange system contract
• Section 482 — Preliminary contract information, advertising and prohibition of sale as an investment
• Section 482a — Instructions on the right of withdrawal
• Section 483 — Language of the contract and of the pre-contractual information
• Section 484 — Form and content of the contract
• Section 485 — Right of withdrawal
• Section 486 — Prohibition of down payment
• Section 486a — Special provisions for long-term holiday product contracts
• Section 487 — Deviating agreements

Chapter 1 General provisions

• Section 488 — Contractual duties typical for a credit agreement
• Section 489 — Right of the borrower to give notice of termination in accordance with usual procedure
• Section 490 — Right to terminate for cause

Chapter 2 Special provisions for consumer credit agreements

• Section 491 — Consumer credit agreement
• Section 491a — Preliminary contract information obligations with consumer credit agreements
• Section 492 — Written form, contents of the contract
• Section 492a — Tying practices in the case of consumer credit agreements relating to immovable property
• Section 492b — Permissible tying practices
• Section 493 — Information during the contractual relationship
• Section 494 — Legal consequences of defects of form
• Section 495 — Right of withdrawal; reflection period
• Section 496 — Waiver of objections, prohibition of bills of exchange and cheques
• Section 497 — Default of the borrower
• Section 498 — Calling in entire loan in the case of loans repayable in instalments
• Section 499 — Right of the lender to terminate; right to refuse performance
• Section 500 — Termination right of the borrower; early repayment
• Section 501 — Cost reduction in the case of early repayment and in the case of termination
• Section 502 — Compensation for early repayment of a loan
• Section 503 — Conversion to an alternative currency of a foreign-currency consumer credit agreement relating to immovable property
• Section 504 — Granted overdraft
• Section 504a — Obligation to provide advisory services where the overdraft facility is used
• Section 505 — Tolerated overdraft
• Section 505a — Obligation to perform a creditworthiness assessment for consumer credit agreements
• Section 505b — Basis of the creditworthiness assessment in the case of consumer credit agreements
• Section 505c — Further obligations in the case of consumer credit agreements relating to immovable property secured by a mortgage or by a charge on land
• Section 505d — Breach of the obligation to conduct an assessment of creditworthiness
• Section 505e — Authorisation to issue statutory instruments
• Section 506 — Deferment of payment, other financial accommodation
• Section 507 — Instalment payment transactions
• Section 508 — Revocation with regard to instalment payment transactions
• Section 509

Subtitle 3 Contracts for delivery by instalments between a trader and a consumer

• Section 510 — Contracts for delivery by instalments

Subtitle 4 Advisory services provided in the case of consumer credit agreements relating to immovable property

• Section 511 — Advisory services provided in the case of consumer credit agreements relating to immovable property

Subtitle 5 Mandatory nature, application to founders of new businesses

• Section 512 — Deviating agreements
• Section 513 — Application to founders of new businesses

Subtitle 6 Gratuitous credit agreements and gratuitous financial accommodation between a trader and a consumer

• Section 514 — Gratuitous credit agreements
• Section 515 — Gratuitous financial accommodation

Title 4 Donation

• Section 516 — Concept of donation
• Section 516a — Consumer contract on the donation of digital products
• Section 517 — Failure to acquire assets
• Section 518 — Form of promise of donation
• Section 519 — Defence of paying for necessaries
• Section 520 — Expiry of the promise of an annuity
• Section 521 — Liability of the donor
• Section 522 — No default interest
• Section 523 — Liability for defects of title
• Section 524 — Liability for material defects
• Section 525 — Donation subject to conditions
• Section 526 — Refusal to fulfil the condition
• Section 527 — Non-fulfilment of the condition
• Section 528 — Claim for return due to impoverishment of the donor
• Section 529 — Exclusion of claim for return
• Section 530 — Revocation of donation
• Section 531 — Declaration of revocation
• Section 532 — Exclusion of revocation
• Section 533 — Waiver of the right of revocation
• Section 534 — Donations for duty and decency

Subtitle 1 General provisions for leases

• Section 535 — Contents and primary duties of the lease agreement
• Section 536 — Abatement of the rent for material defects and defects of title
• Section 536a — Claim of lessee for damages and reimbursement of expenses due to a defect
• Section 536b — Lessee knows of the defect at conclusion of the contract or upon acceptance
• Section 536c — Defects occurring during the lease period; notice of defect by the lessee
• Section 536d — Contractual exclusion of rights of lessee with regard to defects
• Section 537 — Payment of rent when the lessee is unable to be present in person
• Section 538 — Wear and tear on the leased property from contractually agreed use
• Section 539 — Reimbursement of other expenses and right of removal of the lessee
• Section 540 — Making available the leased property for use use by third parties
• Section 541 — Application for prohibitory injunction in the case of use in breach of contract
• Section 542 — End of the lease
• Section 543 — Termination for cause without notice for a compelling reason
• Section 544 — Lease for more than 30 years
• Section 545 — Tacit extension of the lease
• Section 546 — Duty of lessee to return
• Section 546a — Compensation of the lessor in the case of late return
• Section 547 — Reimbursement of rent paid in advance
• Section 548 — Limitation of compensation claims and of the right of removal
• Section 548a — Lease of digital products
• Section 549 — Provisions applicable to leases of residential space
• Section 550 — Form of the lease agreement
• Section 551 — Restriction and investment of rent security deposits
• Section 552 — Warding off the right of removal of the lessee
• Section 553 — Making residential space available for use by third parties
• Section 554 — Improved accessibility, e-mobility and burglary protection
• Section 555 — Ineffectiveness of a penalty for breach of contract

Chapter 1a Structural maintenance and modernisation measures

• Section 555a — Structural maintenance measures
• Section 555b — Modernisation measures
• Section 555c — Announcement of modernisation measures
• Section 555d — Toleration of modernisation measures, time limit
• Section 555e — Special right of termination of the lessee in case of modernisation measures
• Section 555f — Agreements on structural maintenance or modernisation measures

Subchapter 1 Agreements on rent

• Section 556 — Agreements on operating costs
• Section 556a — Accounting criterion for operating costs
• Section 556b — Due date of rent, right to set-off and right of retention
• Section 556c — Costs of heat supply as operating costs, authorisation to issue statutory instruments

Subchapter 1a Agreements on the rent amount at commencement of the lease in areas in which the housing market is under pressure

• Section 556d — Permissible rent amount at commencement of the lease; authorisation to issue statutory instruments
• Section 556e — Consideration of the rent paid previously, or of modernisation work done
• Section 556f — Exceptions
• Section 556g — Legal consequences; information on the rent

Subchapter 2 Provisions on the rent amount

• Section 557 — Increases in rent by agreement or law
• Section 557a — Stepped rent
• Section 557b — Indexed rent
• Section 558 — Increase in rent up to the reference rent customary in the locality
• Section 558a — Form and justification of the rent increase
• Section 558b — Approval of a rent increase
• Section 558c — List of representative rents
• Section 558d — Expert list of representative rents
• Section 558e — Rent database
• Section 559 — Rent increase after modernisation measures
• Section 559a — Crediting of third-party funds
• Section 559b — Assertion of an increase; effect of declaration of increase
• Section 559c — Simplified procedure
• Section 559d — Breaches of duty in announcing or implementing structural changes
• Section 560 — Changes in operating costs
• Section 561 — Special right of termination of the lessee following a rent increase

Chapter 3 Security right of the lessor

• Section 562 — Extent of the security right of the lessor
• Section 562a — Extinction of the security right of the lessor
• Section 562b — Self-help; claim to surrender
• Section 562c — Warding off the security right by provision of security
• Section 562d — Attachment by a third party

Chapter 4 Change of contractual parties

• Section 563 — Right of accession upon death of the lessee
• Section 563a — Continuation with surviving lessees
• Section 563b — Liability in the case of accession or continuation
• Section 564 — Continuation of the lease with the heir; termination for cause
• Section 565 — Commercial subletting
• Section 566 — Purchase is subject to existing leases
• Section 566a — Rent security deposit
• Section 566b — Advance disposition over the rent
• Section 566c — Agreement between lessee and lessor on the rent
• Section 566d — Set-off by the lessee
• Section 566e — Notification by the lessor of the devolution of ownership
• Section 567 — Encumbrance of the residential space by the lessor
• Section 567a — Alienation or encumbrance prior to residential space being made available for use
• Section 567b — Onward alienation or encumbrance by the acquirer

Subchapter 1 General provisions

• Section 568 — Form and contents of the notice of termination
• Section 569 — Termination for cause without notice for a compelling reason
• Section 570 — Exclusion of the right of retention
• Section 571 — Further compensation of damages for late return of residential space
• Section 572 — Agreement on right of rescission; lease subject to condition subsequent

Subchapter 2 Leases for an indefinite period of time

• Section 573 — Notice of termination by the lessor in accordance with usual procedure
• Section 573a — Eased termination by the lessor
• Section 573b — Partial termination by the lessor
• Section 573c — Periods of time to be observed in giving notice of termination in accordance with usual procedure
• Section 573d — Termination for cause observing the statutory notice period
• Section 574 — Objection of lessee to termination
• Section 574a — Continuation of lease after objection
• Section 574b — Requirements as to form and period of time for objection
• Section 574c — Further continuation of the lease in the case of unforeseen circumstances

Subchapter 3 Leases for a specified period of time

• Section 575 — Fixed-term lease
• Section 575a — Termination for cause observing the statutory notice period

Subchapter 4 Tied dwellings

• Section 576 — Periods of time to be observed in giving notice of termination in accordance with usual procedure in the case of tied leased dwellings
• Section 576a — Special features of the right to raise an objection in the case of tied leased dwellings
• Section 576b — Application of landlord and tenant law accordingly in connection with tied dwellings

Chapter 6 Special features when creating title to leased residences

• Section 577 — Lessee’s right of preemption
• Section 577a — Restriction of termination in connection with conversion of the dwelling

Subtitle 3 Leases of other things and digital products

• Section 578 — Leases of plots of land and premises
• Section 578a — Lease of registered ships
• Section 578b — Contracts on the lease of digital products
• Section 579 — Due date of the rent
• Section 580 — Notice of termination for cause in the case of the death of the lessee
• Section 580a — Notice periods

Subtitle 4 Usufructuary lease

• Section 581 — Contractual duties typical for a usufructuary lease
• Section 582 — Maintenance of inventory
• Section 582a — Assumption of inventory at its estimated value
• Section 583 — Security right of usufructuary lessee over inventory
• Section 583a — Restrictions on disposition over inventory
• Section 584 — Period of notice
• Section 584a — Exclusion of certain rights of termination under landlord and tenant law
• Section 584b — Late return

Subtitle 5 Farm lease

• Section 585 — Concept of farm lease
• Section 585a — Form of a farm lease
• Section 585b — Description of the leased property
• Section 586 — Contractual duties typical for a farm lease
• Section 586a — Encumbrances on the leased property
• Section 587 — Due date of rent; payment of rent where the usufructuary lessee is personally prevented
• Section 588 — Measures of maintenance or improvement
• Section 589 — Making available the leased property to third parties for their use
• Section 590 — Change of agricultural purpose or of previous use
• Section 590a — Use in breach of contract
• Section 590b — Necessary outlays
• Section 591 — Outlays that increase value
• Section 591a — Removal of installations
• Section 591b — Limitation of compensation claims
• Section 592 — Security right of the usufructuary lessor
• Section 593 — Amendment of farm leases
• Section 593a — Transfer of a business
• Section 593b — Alienation or encumbrance of the leased property
• Section 594 — Termination and extension of the lease
• Section 594a — Notice periods
• Section 594b — Lease for more than 30 years
• Section 594c — Termination in the case of occupational disability of the usufructuary lessee
• Section 594d — Death of the usufructuary lessee
• Section 594e — Termination for cause without notice for a compelling reason
• Section 594f — Written form of termination
• Section 595 — Continuation of the lease
• Section 595a — Early notice of termination of farm leases
• Section 596 — Return of the leased property
• Section 596a — Duty to compensate for early termination of lease
• Section 596b — Duty to leave behind
• Section 597 — Late return

Title 6 Gratuitous loan

• Section 598 — Contractual duties typical for the case of a gratuitous loan
• Section 599 — Liability of the lender
• Section 600 — Liability for defects
• Section 601 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 602 — Wear and tear on the thing
• Section 603 — Contractually agreed use
• Section 604 — Duty to return
• Section 605 — Right of termination
• Section 606 — Short limitation period

Title 7 Contract for the loan of a thing

• Section 607 — Contractual duties typical for a contract for the loan of a thing
• Section 608 — Termination
• Section 609 — Payment
• Section 610

Subtitle 1 Service contract

• Section 611 — Contractual duties typical for a service contract
• Section 611a — Employment contract
• Section 611b
• Section 612 — Remuneration
• Section 612a — Prohibition of victimisation
• Section 613 — Non-transferability
• Section 613a — Rights and duties in the case of transfer of business
• Section 614 — Due date of remuneration
• Section 615 — Remuneration in the case of default in acceptance and business risk
• Section 616 — Temporary prevention from performing services
• Section 617 — Duty of medical care
• Section 618 — Duty to take protective measures
• Section 619 — Absolute nature of welfare duties
• Section 619a — Burden of proof when the employee is liable
• Section 620 — End of services relationship
• Section 621 — Periods of notice for service relationships
• Section 622 — Notice periods in the case of employment relationships
• Section 623 — Written form of termination
• Section 624 — Notice period in the case of contracts lasting longer than five years
• Section 625 — Tacit extension
• Section 626 — Termination without notice for a compelling reason
• Section 627 — Termination without notice in the case of a position of trust
• Section 628 — Partial remuneration and damages in case of termination without notice
• Section 629 — Time off for search for employment
• Section 630 — Duty to provide a reference

Subtitle 2 Treatment contract

• Section 630a — Contractual duties typical for a treatment contract
• Section 630b — Applicable provisions
• Section 630c — Cooperation between the contracting parties; obligations to provide information
• Section 630d — Consent
• Section 630e — Obligations to provide information
• Section 630f — Documentation of the treatment
• Section 630g — Inspection of the medical records
• Section 630h — Burden of proof in case of liability for malpractice and errors in providing information

Chapter 1 General provisions

• Section 631 — Contractual duties typical for a contract to produce a work
• Section 632 — Remuneration
• Section 632a — Part payments
• Section 633 — Material defects and defects of title
• Section 634 — Rights of the customer in the case of defects
• Section 634a — Limitation of claims for defects
• Section 635 — Cure
• Section 636 — Special provisions on rescission and damages
• Section 637 — Self-help
• Section 638 — Abatement of price
• Section 639 — Exclusion of liability
• Section 640 — Acceptance
• Section 641 — Due date of remuneration
• Section 641a
• Section 642 — Cooperation by the customer
• Section 643 — Termination for failure to collaborate
• Section 644 — Allocation of risk
• Section 645 — Responsibility of the customer
• Section 646 — Completion in lieu of acceptance
• Section 647 — Security right of the contractor
• Section 647a — Mortgage of the owner of a shipyard
• Section 648 — Right of termination of the customer
• Section 648a — Termination for a compelling reason
• Section 649 — Cost estimate
• Section 650 — Contract for work and materials; consumer contract on the production of digital products

Chapter 2 Construction contract

• Section 650a — Construction contract
• Section 650b — Amendment of the contract; right of the customer to issue orders
• Section 650c — Adjustment of remuneration in case of orders pursuant to section 650b (2)
• Section 650d — Injunction
• Section 650e — Mortgage of a building contractor
• Section 650f — Builder’s security
• Section 650g — Determination of the status in the case of acceptance being refused; final invoice
• Section 650h — Written form of the termination

Chapter 3 Construction contract with a consumer

• Section 650i — Construction contract with a consumer
• Section 650j — Specifications
• Section 650k — Subject matter of the contract
• Section 650l — Right of withdrawal
• Section 650m — Part payments; security for the claim to remuneration
• Section 650n — Preparation of documents and surrender

Chapter 4 Mandatory nature

• Section 650o — Deviating agreements

Subtitle 2 Contract for architectural services and contract for engineering services

• Section 650p — Contractual duties typical for contracts for architectural and for engineering services
• Section 650q — Applicable provisions
• Section 650r — Special right of termination
• Section 650s — Partial acceptance
• Section 650t — Joint and several liability with the contractor executing the construction work

Subtitle 3 Developer contract

• Section 650u — Developer contract; applicable provisions
• Section 650v — Part payments

Subtitle 4 Package travel contract, brokerage of travel contracts and brokerage of linked travel arrangements

• Section 651a — Contractual duties typical for a package travel contract
• Section 651b — Delimitation from brokerage
• Section 651c — Linked online booking processes
• Section 651d — Obligations to provide information; contents of the contract
• Section 651e — Transfer of contract
• Section 651f — Reservations of the right to modify; price reduction
• Section 651g — Significant amendments of the contract
• Section 651h — Rescission before the start of the package
• Section 651i — Rights of the traveller in the case of a lack of conformity of the package
• Section 651j — Limitation
• Section 651k — Remedy
• Section 651l — Termination
• Section 651m — Abatement of the price
• Section 651n — Damages
• Section 651o — Notification by the traveller of a lack of conformity
• Section 651p — Admissible limitation of liability; set-off
• Section 651q — Organiser’s obligation to provide assistance
• Section 651r — Insolvency protection; security certificate
• Section 651s — Insolvency protection of the organisers established in the European Economic Area
• Section 651t — Repatriation, prepayments
• Section 651u — Exchange student stays
• Section 651v — Facilitation of travel
• Section 651w — Facilitation of linked travel arrangements
• Section 651x — Liability for booking errors
• Section 651y — Deviating agreements

Subtitle 1 General provisions

• Section 652 — Accrual of fee claim
• Section 653 — Brokerage fee
• Section 654 — Forfeiture of the fee claim
• Section 655 — Reduction of the brokerage fee

Subtitle 2 Intermediation of consumer credit agreements and non-gratuitous financial accommodation

• Section 655a — Credit intermediation contract
• Section 655b — Written form in the case of a contract with a consumer
• Section 655c — Remuneration
• Section 655d — Ancillary payment
• Section 655e — Deviating agreements, application to founders of new businesses

Subtitle 3 Marriage broking

• Section 656 — Marriage broking

Subtitle 4 Brokerage of purchase contracts for flats and single family houses

• Section 656a — Text form
• Section 656b — Personal scope of sections 656c and 656d
• Section 656c — Fee claim in the case of the broker working for both parties
• Section 656d — Agreements on the broker’s costs

Title 11 Promise of a reward

• Section 657 — Binding promise
• Section 658 — Revocation
• Section 659 — Act undertaken more than once
• Section 660 — Collaboration by more than one person
• Section 661 — Prize competition
• Section 661a — Promises of prizes

Subtitle 1 Mandate

• Section 662 — Contractual duties typical for a mandate
• Section 663 — Duty to notify in the case of rejection
• Section 664 — Non-transferability; liability for assistants
• Section 665 — Deviation from instructions
• Section 666 — Duty of information and duty to render accounts
• Section 667 — Duty to surrender
• Section 668 — Interest on money used
• Section 669 — Duty of advance payment
• Section 670 — Reimbursement of expenses
• Section 671 — Withdrawal; termination
• Section 672 — Death or incapacity to contract of the mandator
• Section 673 — Death of the mandatary
• Section 674 — Legal construct of continuation

Subtitle 2 Contract for the management of the affairs of another

• Section 675 — Non-gratuitous management of the affairs of another
• Section 675a — Duties to provide information
• Section 675b — Orders to transfer securities in systems

Chapter 1 General provisions

• Section 675c — Payment services and e-money
• Section 675d — Information on payment services
• Section 675e — Deviating agreements

Chapter 2 Payment services contract

• Section 675f — Payment services contract
• Section 675g — Amendment of the framework contract on payment services
• Section 675h — Notice of termination in accordance with usual procedure of a framework contract on payment services
• Section 675i — Exceptions for low-value payment instruments and e-money

Subchapter 1 Authorisation of payment transactions; payment instruments; refusal of access to the payment account

• Section 675j — Consent and withdrawal of consent
• Section 675k — Restrictions on the use of a payment instrument; refusal of access to the payment account
• Section 675l — Obligations of the payment service user with regard to payment instruments
• Section 675m — Obligations of the payment service provider with regard to payment instruments; risk of dispatch

Subchapter 2 Execution of payment transactions

• Section 675n — Receipt of payment orders
• Section 675o — Refusal of payment orders
• Section 675p — Irrevocability of a payment order
• Section 675q — Charges for payment transactions
• Section 675r — Execution of a payment transaction using unique identifiers
• Section 675s — Execution deadline for payment transactions
• Section 675t — Value date and availability of funds; blocking available funds

Subchapter 3 Liability

• Section 675u — Liability of the payment service provider for unauthorised payment transactions
• Section 675v — Liability of the payer in case of misappropriation of a payment instrument
• Section 675w — Proof of authentication
• Section 675x — Refund claim in case of an authorised payment transaction initiated by or through the payee
• Section 675y — Liability of the payment service provider in case of non-execution, defective or late execution of a payment order; obligation to make enquiries
• Section 675z — Other claims in case of non-execution, defective or late execution of a payment order or in case of an unauthorised payment transaction
• Section 676 — Proof of execution of payment transactions
• Section 676a — Equalisation claim
• Section 676b — Notification of unauthorised or incorrectly executed payment transactions
• Section 676c — Disclaimer

Title 13 Voluntary agency without specific authorisation

• Section 677 — Duties of the voluntary agent
• Section 678 — Agency contrary to the will of the principal
• Section 679 — Irrelevance of the contrary will of the principal
• Section 680 — Agency of necessity
• Section 681 — Ancillary duties of the voluntary agent
• Section 682 — Lack of capacity to contract on the part of the voluntary agent
• Section 683 — Reimbursement of expenses
• Section 684 — Surrender of enrichment
• Section 685 — Intention to donate
• Section 686 — Error as to the identity of the principal
• Section 687 — False voluntary agency without specific authorisation

Title 14 Safekeeping

• Section 688 — Contractual duties typical for safekeeping
• Section 689 — Remuneration
• Section 690 — Liability for gratuitous safekeeping
• Section 691 — Deposit with third parties
• Section 692 — Change of safekeeping
• Section 693 — Reimbursement of expenses
• Section 694 — Liability in damages of the depositor
• Section 695 — Right of the depositor to demand return
• Section 696 — Claim of depositary for repossession of the thing deposited
• Section 697 — Place for return
• Section 698 — Interest on money used
• Section 699 — Due date of remuneration
• Section 700 — Irregular safekeeping contract

Title 15 Bringing things onto the premises of innkeepers

• Section 701 — Liability of the innkeeper
• Section 702 — Limitation of liability; valuables
• Section 702a — Release from liability
• Section 703 — Extinction of the claim for damages
• Section 704 — Security right of the innkeeper

Title 16 Partnership

• Section 705 — Contents of partnership agreement
• Section 706 — Contributions of the partners
• Section 707 — Increase of the agreed contribution
• Section 707d — Authorisation to issue statutory instruments
• Section 708 — Liability of the partners
• Section 709 — Joint management
• Section 710 — Transfer of management
• Section 711 — Right to object
• Section 712 — Revocation and dismissal of management
• Section 713 — Rights and duties of managing partners
• Section 714 — Power of agency
• Section 715 — Revocation of the power of agency
• Section 716 — Right of control of the partners
• Section 717 — Non-transferability of partner rights
• Section 718 — Partnership assets
• Section 719 — Joint assets
• Section 720 — Protection of good-faith debtor
• Section 721 — Distribution of profits and losses
• Section 722 — Shares in profits and losses
• Section 723 — Termination by partner
• Section 724 — Notice of termination in the case of a partnership for life or a continuing partnership
• Section 725 — Termination by attachment creditors
• Section 726 — Dissolution due to achievement or impossibility of its object
• Section 727 — Dissolution due to the death of a partner
• Section 728 — Dissolution due to insolvency of the partnership or one of its partners
• Section 729 — Continuation of authority to manage
• Section 730 — Winding-up of the partnership; management
• Section 731 — Procedure for winding-up of the partnership
• Section 732 — Return of objects
• Section 733 — Discharge of partnership debts; reimbursement of capital contributions
• Section 734 — Distribution of the surplus
• Section 735 — Duty to make subsequent contributions in case of loss
• Section 736 — Retirement of a partner; continuing liability
• Section 737 — Exclusion of a partner
• Section 738 — Winding-up of the partnership on retirement
• Section 739 — Liability for deficit
• Section 740 — Sharing in the financial results of pending transactions

Title 17 Co-ownership

• Section 741 — Co-ownership by defined shares
• Section 742 — Equal shares
• Section 743 — Share in the fruits; authority to use
• Section 744 — Joint administration
• Section 745 — Administration and use by resolution
• Section 746 — Effect in relation to successors in interest
• Section 747 — Disposition over a share and joint objects
• Section 748 — Bearing of charges and costs
• Section 749 — Claim to dissolution
• Section 750 — Exclusion of dissolution in case of death
• Section 751 — Exclusion of dissolution and successors in interest
• Section 752 — Division in kind
• Section 753 — Division by sale
• Section 754 — Sale of joint claims
• Section 755 — Discharge of a joint debt
• Section 756 — Discharge of the debt of a part owner
• Section 757 — Warranty upon allocation to a part owner
• Section 758 — Claim to dissolution not subject to the statute of limitations

Title 18 Life annuity

• Section 759 — Duration and amount of the annuity
• Section 760 — Advance payment
• Section 761 — Form of life annuity commitment

Title 19 Imperfect obligations

• Section 762 — Gaming, betting
• Section 763 — Lottery contracts and gaming contracts
• Section 764

Title 20 Suretyship

• Section 765 — Contractual duties typical for suretyship
• Section 766 — Written form of the declaration of suretyship
• Section 767 — Extent of the suretyship debt
• Section 768 — Defences of a surety
• Section 769 — Co-suretyship
• Section 770 — Defences of voidability and set-off
• Section 771 — Defence of failure to pursue remedies
• Section 772 — Duty of creditor of enforcement and realisation
• Section 773 — Exclusion of defence of failure to pursue remedies
• Section 774 — Statutory devolution of claims
• Section 775 — Claim to release of the surety
• Section 776 — Waiver of a security
• Section 777 — Temporary suretyship
• Section 778 — Credit mandate

Title 21 Settlement

• Section 779 — Concept of settlement; mistake as to the basis of the settlement

Title 22 Promise to fulfil an obligation; acknowledgement of debt

• Section 780 — Promise to fulfil an obligation
• Section 781 — Acknowledgement of a debt
• Section 782 — No requirements as to form for settlement

Title 23 Order

• Section 783 — Rights derived from instruction
• Section 784 — Acceptance of the instruction
• Section 785 — Handover of the instruction
• Section 786
• Section 787 — Instruction to assume debt
• Section 788 — Underlying debt relationship
• Section 789 — Duty of recipient of the document setting out the instruction to notify
• Section 790 — Revocation of the instruction
• Section 791 — Death or incapacity to contract of a party involved
• Section 792 — Transfer of the instruction

Title 24 Bearer bond

• Section 793 — Rights under a bearer bond
• Section 794 — Liability of the issuer
• Section 795
• Section 796 — Objections of the issuer
• Section 797 — Duty to render performance only in return for handover
• Section 798 — Replacement instrument
• Section 799 — Declaration of invalidity
• Section 800 — Effect of the declaration of invalidity
• Section 801 — Extinction; prescription
• Section 802 — Blockage of payment
• Section 803 — Interest coupons
• Section 804 — Loss of interest coupons or similar coupons
• Section 805 — New interest coupons and annuity coupons
• Section 806 — Reregistration under name
• Section 807 — Bearer tickets and stamps
• Section 808 — Registered securities with bearer clause

Title 25 Presentation of things

• Section 809 — Inspection of a thing
• Section 810 — Right to inspect instruments
• Section 811 — Place of presentation, risk and costs

Title 26 Unjust enrichment

• Section 812 — Claim to surrender
• Section 813 — Performance notwithstanding defence
• Section 814 — Knowledge that debt is not owed
• Section 815 — Non-occurrence of result
• Section 816 — Disposition by an unauthorised person
• Section 817 — Breach of law or act offending common decency
• Section 818 — Scope of the claim to enrichment
• Section 819 — Increased liability in case of knowledge and in cases of breaches of law or acts offending common decency
• Section 820 — Increased liability where the result is uncertain
• Section 821 — Enrichment defence
• Section 822 — Duty to surrender of third parties

Title 27 Torts

• Section 823 — Liability in damages
• Section 824 — Endangering credit
• Section 825 — Inducing others to sexual acts
• Section 826 — Intentional damage inflicted in a manner offending common decency
• Section 827 — Exclusion and reduction of responsibility
• Section 828 — Minors
• Section 829 — Liability in damages for reasons of equity
• Section 830 — Joint tortfeasors and persons involved
• Section 831 — Liability for vicarious agents
• Section 832 — Liability of a person with a duty of supervision
• Section 833 — Liability of animal keeper
• Section 834 — Liability of animal minder
• Section 835
• Section 836 — Liability of the owner of a plot of land
• Section 837 — Liability of building possessor
• Section 838 — Liability of the person with a duty of upkeep regarding a building
• Section 839 — Liability in case of breach of official duty
• Section 839a — Liability of court-appointed expert
• Section 840 — Liability of more than one person
• Section 841 — Compensation for liability of a public official
• Section 842 — Extent of liability in damages in case of injury of a person
• Section 843 — Annuity in money or lump sum settlement
• Section 844 — Third-party compensation claims in the case of death
• Section 845 — Compensation claims for lost services
• Section 846 — Contributory negligence of the injured person
• Section 847
• Section 848 — Liability for chance in the case of deprivation of a thing
• Section 849 — Interest on the compensation sum
• Section 850 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 851 — Compensation payment to unauthorised parties
• Section 852 — Claim to surrender after end of limitation period
• Section 853 — Defence of bad faith

Book 3 Law of property

Division 1 Possession

• Section 854 — Acquisition of possession
• Section 855 — Agent in possession
• Section 856 — Ending of possession
• Section 857 — Inheritability
• Section 858 — Prohibited interference with possession
• Section 859 — Self-help by the possessor
• Section 860 — Self-help by the agent in possession
• Section 861 — Claim on account of deprivation of possession
• Section 862 — Claim on account of interference with possession
• Section 863 — Objections of the party depriving of possession or of the disturber
• Section 864 — Extinction of claims to possession
• Section 865 — Part possession
• Section 866 — Co-possession
• Section 867 — Possessor’s right of pursuit
• Section 868 — Indirect possession
• Section 869 — Claims of the indirect possessor
• Section 870 — Transfer of indirect possession
• Section 871 — Multilevel indirect possession
• Section 872 — Proprietary possession

Division 2 General provisions on rights in land

• Section 873 — Acquisition by agreement and registration
• Section 874 — Reference to approval of registration
• Section 875 — Cancellation of a right
• Section 876 — Cancellation of an encumbered right
• Section 877 — Alterations of rights
• Section 878 — Subsequent restrictions on disposition
• Section 879 — Order of priority of more than one right
• Section 880 — Change of priority
• Section 881 — Reservation of priority
• Section 882 — Maximum amount of compensation for lost value
• Section 883 — Prerequisites and effect of priority notice
• Section 884 — Effect in relation to heirs
• Section 885 — Prerequisite for the entry of the priority notice
• Section 886 — Claim for removal
• Section 887 — Judicial call of the priority notice claimant
• Section 888 — Claim to approval of the person entitled to the priority notice
• Section 889 — Exclusion of merger for rights in rem
• Section 890 — Union of plots of land; addition
• Section 891 — Statutory presumption
• Section 892 — Presumption of legal force of the contents of the Land Register
• Section 893 — Legal transaction with the person entered in the Land Register
• Section 894 — Correction of the Land Register
• Section 895 — Prior entry of the person obliged
• Section 896 — Submission of certificate
• Section 897 — Costs of correction
• Section 898 — Claims to correction not subject to the statute of limitations
• Section 899 — Entry of an objection
• Section 899a — Provisos for civil-law partnerships
• Section 900 — Acquisition by prescription following entry in the Land Register
• Section 901 — Extinction of rights not entered in the Land Register
• Section 902 — Rights entered in the Land Register not subject to the statute of limitations

Title 1 Subject matter of ownership

• Section 903 — Powers of the owner
• Section 904 — Necessity
• Section 905 — Restriction of ownership
• Section 906 — Introduction of imponderable substances
• Section 907 — Facilities threatening danger
• Section 908 — Imminent collapse of building
• Section 909 — Excavation
• Section 910 — Overhang
• Section 911 — Falling fruit
• Section 912 — Encroachment; duty to tolerate
• Section 913 — Payment of periodical payments for encroachment
• Section 914 — Priority, registration and extinction of periodical payments
• Section 915 — Purchase
• Section 916 — Adverse effect on heritable building right or servitude
• Section 917 — Right of way of necessity
• Section 918 — Exclusion of the right of way of necessity
• Section 919 — Boundary marking
• Section 920 — Confusion of boundaries
• Section 921 — Joint use of boundary installations
• Section 922 — Manner of use and maintenance
• Section 923 — Boundary tree
• Section 924 — Neighbour-law claims not subject to the statute of limitations

Title 2 Acquisition and loss of ownership of plots of land

• Section 925 — Declaration of conveyance
• Section 925a — Document of land transaction
• Section 926 — Accessories of the plot of land
• Section 927 — Judicial call procedure
• Section 928 — Relinquishment of ownership, appropriation by fiscal authority

Subtitle 1 Transfer

• Section 929 — Agreement and delivery
• Section 929a — Agreement with regard to unregistered ship
• Section 930 — Constructive delivery
• Section 931 — Assignment of claim to surrender
• Section 932 — Good faith acquisition from a person not entitled
• Section 932a — Good faith acquisition of unregistered ships
• Section 933 — Good faith acquisition on constructive delivery
• Section 934 — Good faith acquisition on assignment of claim to surrender
• Section 935 — No good faith acquisition of lost things
• Section 936 — Extinction of third party rights

Subtitle 2 Acquisition by prescription

• Section 937 — Prerequisites, exclusion in the case of knowledge
• Section 938 — Presumption of proprietary possession
• Section 939 — Suspension of prescription
• Section 940 — Interruption by loss of possession
• Section 941 — Interruption by act of execution
• Section 942 — Effect of interruption
• Section 943 — Acquisition by prescription and succession in title
• Section 944 — Possessor of an inheritance
• Section 945 — Extinction of third party rights

Subtitle 3 Combination, intermixture, processing

• Section 946 — Combination with a plot of land
• Section 947 — Combination with movable things
• Section 948 — Intermixture
• Section 949 — Extinction of third party rights
• Section 950 — Processing
• Section 951 — Compensation for loss of rights
• Section 952 — Ownership of documents of debt

Subtitle 4 Acquisition of products and other components of a thing

• Section 953 — Ownership of separated products and components
• Section 954 — Acquisition by person entitled in rem
• Section 955 — Acquisition by proprietary possessor in good faith
• Section 956 — Acquisition by person entitled in personam
• Section 957 — Permission by the person not entitled

Subtitle 5 Appropriation

• Section 958 — Acquisition of ownership of ownerless movable things
• Section 959 — Abandonment of ownership
• Section 960 — Wild animals
• Section 961 — Loss of ownership of bee swarms
• Section 962 — Right of pursuit of the owner
• Section 963 — Merging of bee swarms
• Section 964 — Intermixture of bee swarms

Subtitle 6 Finding

• Section 965 — Duty of the finder to notify
• Section 966 — Duty of safekeeping
• Section 967 — Duty to deliver
• Section 968 — Extent of liability
• Section 969 — Surrender to the loser
• Section 970 — Reimbursement of expenses
• Section 971 — Finder’s reward
• Section 972 — Right of retention of the finder
• Section 973 — Acquisition of ownership by the finder
• Section 974 — Acquisition of ownership after concealment
• Section 975 — Rights of the finder after delivery
• Section 976 — Acquisition of ownership by the municipality
• Section 977 — Claim in enrichment
• Section 978 — Finding in public authority or transport agency
• Section 979 — Sale; authorisation to issue an ordinance
• Section 980 — Notice by publication of the finding
• Section 981 — Receipt of the proceeds of auction
• Section 982 — Provisions for implementation
• Section 983 — Undeliverable things in the possession of authorities
• Section 984 — Treasure trove

Title 4 Claims arising from ownership

• Section 985 — Claim to surrender
• Section 986 — Objections of the possessor
• Section 987 — Emoluments after litigation is pending
• Section 988 — Emoluments of the possessor who makes no payment
• Section 989 — Damages after litigation is pending
• Section 990 — Liability of possessor with knowledge
• Section 991 — Liability of intermediary possessor in the case of indirect possession
• Section 992 — Liability of the wrongful possessor
• Section 993 — Liability of the possessor in good faith
• Section 994 — Necessary outlays
• Section 995 — Charges
• Section 996 — Useful outlays
• Section 997 — Right of removal
• Section 998 — Farming costs for agricultural plot of land
• Section 999 — Reimbursement of outlays of the predecessor in title
• Section 1000 — Right of retention of the possessor
• Section 1001 — Action for reimbursement of outlays
• Section 1002 — Extinction of the claim for outlays
• Section 1003 — Right to satisfaction of the possessor
• Section 1004 — Claim for removal and injunction
• Section 1005 — Right of pursuit
• Section 1006 — Presumption of ownership for possessor
• Section 1007 — Claims of the former possessor, exclusion in the case of knowledge

Title 5 Co-ownership

• Section 1008 — Co-ownership by fractional shares
• Section 1009 — Encumbrance to the benefit of a co-owner
• Section 1010 — Successor in interest of a co-owner
• Section 1011 — Claims arising from co-ownership
• Section 1012-1017

Title 1 Easements

• Section 1018 — Statutory definition of easement
• Section 1019 — Benefit of the dominant plot of land
• Section 1020 — Considerate use
• Section 1021 — Agreed duty of maintenance
• Section 1022 — Installations on building structures
• Section 1023 — Moving the use
• Section 1024 — Coincidence of more than one right of use
• Section 1025 — Division of the dominant plot of land
• Section 1026 — Division of the servient plot of land
• Section 1027 — Interference with easement
• Section 1028 — Limitation
• Section 1029 — Protection of possession of the lawful possessor
• Section 1030 — Statutory definition of usufruct in things
• Section 1031 — Application to accessories
• Section 1032 — Creation of usufruct in movable things
• Section 1033 — Acquisition by prescription
• Section 1034 — Determination of the condition
• Section 1035 — Usufruct in aggregate of things; list
• Section 1036 — Right of possession; exercise of usufruct
• Section 1037 — Transformation
• Section 1038 — Economic plan for forests and mines
• Section 1039 — Excessive taking of fruits
• Section 1040 — Treasure
• Section 1041 — Upkeep of the thing
• Section 1042 — Duty of notification by the usufructuary
• Section 1043 — Repair or replacement
• Section 1044 — Toleration of repairs
• Section 1045 — Obligation of the usufructuary to insure
• Section 1046 — Usufruct in an insurance claim
• Section 1047 — Bearing of charges
• Section 1048 — Usufruct in plot of land with inventory
• Section 1049 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 1050 — Wear and tear
• Section 1051 — Provision of security
• Section 1052 — Judicial administration in the absence of security
• Section 1053 — Application for a prohibitory injunction in the case of unauthorised use
• Section 1054 — Judicial administration on the basis of breach of duty
• Section 1055 — Duty of return of the usufructuary
• Section 1056 — Leases and usufructuary leases at the end of the usufruct
• Section 1057 — Limitation of compensation claims
• Section 1058 — Grantor as owner
• Section 1059 — Non-transferability; ceding the exercise
• Section 1059a — Transferability in the case of a legal person or of a partnership having legal personality
• Section 1059b — Non-distrainability
• Section 1059c — Devolution or transfer of usufruct
• Section 1059d — Leases and usufructuary leases on the transfer of the usufruct
• Section 1059e — Claim to grant of the usufruct
• Section 1060 — Coincidence of more than one right of use
• Section 1061 — Death of the usufructuary
• Section 1062 — Extension of cancellation to accessories
• Section 1063 — Coincidence with ownership
• Section 1064 — Cancellation of usufruct in movable things
• Section 1065 — Adverse effect on right of usufruct
• Section 1066 — Usufruct in the share of a co-owner
• Section 1067 — Usufruct in consumable things

Subtitle 2 Usufruct in rights

• Section 1068 — Statutory definition of usufruct in rights
• Section 1069 — Creation
• Section 1070 — Usufruct in a right to performance
• Section 1071 — Cancellation or alteration of the encumbered right
• Section 1072 — Termination of usufruct
• Section 1073 — Usufruct in a life annuity
• Section 1074 — Usufruct in a claim; notice and collection
• Section 1075 — Effect of performance
• Section 1076 — Usufruct in claim bearing interest
• Section 1077 — Notice of termination and payment
• Section 1078 — Cooperation in collection
• Section 1079 — Investment of the capital
• Section 1080 — Usufruct in a land charge or annuity land charge
• Section 1081 — Usufruct in bearer instruments or instruments made out to order
• Section 1082 — Deposit
• Section 1083 — Cooperation in collection
• Section 1084 — Consumable things

Subtitle 3 Usufruct in assets

• Section 1085 — Creation of usufruct in assets
• Section 1086 — Rights of the creditors of the grantor
• Section 1087 — Relationship between usufructuary and grantor
• Section 1088 — Liability of the usufructuary
• Section 1089 — Usufruct in an inheritance
• Section 1090 — Statutory definition of the restricted personal easement
• Section 1091 — Scope
• Section 1092 — Non-transferability; ceding the exercise
• Section 1093 — Right of residence

Division 5 Right of preemption

• Section 1094 — Statutory contents of the in-rem right of preemption
• Section 1095 — Encumbrance of a fraction
• Section 1096 — Application to accessories
• Section 1097 — Creation for one or more cases of sale
• Section 1098 — Effect of a right of preemption
• Section 1099 — Notifications
• Section 1100 — Rights of the purchaser
• Section 1101 — Release of the person entitled
• Section 1102 — Release of the purchaser
• Section 1103 — Subjective in-rem right of preemption and personal right of preemption
• Section 1104 — Exclusion of unknown entitled persons

Division 6 Charges on land

• Section 1105 — Statutory contents of the charge on land
• Section 1106 — Encumbrance of a fraction
• Section 1107 — Individual payments
• Section 1108 — Personal liability of the owner
• Section 1109 — Division of the dominant plot of land
• Section 1110 — Subjective in-rem charge on land
• Section 1111 — Personal charge on land
• Section 1112 — Exclusion of unknown entitled persons

Title 1 Mortgage

• Section 1113 — Statutory contents of the mortgage
• Section 1114 — Encumbrance of a fraction
• Section 1115 — Entry of the mortgage
• Section 1116 — Certificated and uncertificated mortgage
• Section 1117 — Acquisition of the certificated mortgage
• Section 1118 — Liability for incidental claims
• Section 1119 — Extension of liability for interest
• Section 1120 — Extension to products, parts and accessories
• Section 1121 — Release from liability through alienation and removal
• Section 1122 — Release from liability without alienation
• Section 1123 — Extension to claim for rent or for usufructuary rent
• Section 1124 — Advance disposition over the rent or usufructuary rent
• Section 1125 — Set-off against rent or usufructuary rent
• Section 1126 — Extension to recurring acts of performance
• Section 1127 — Extension to insurance claim
• Section 1128 — Insurance on buildings
• Section 1129 — Other insurance against damage
• Section 1130 — Replacement clause
• Section 1131 — Addition of a plot of land
• Section 1132 — Blanket mortgage
• Section 1133 — Danger to the security of the mortgage
• Section 1134 — Application for an injunction
• Section 1135 — Deterioration of accessories
• Section 1136 — Restraint on disposition by legal transaction
• Section 1137 — Defences of the owner
• Section 1138 — Presumption of legal force of the contents of the Land Register
• Section 1139 — Objection with regard to an uncertificated mortgage for a loan
• Section 1140 — Mortgage certificate and inaccuracy of the Land Register
• Section 1141 — Notice of termination of the mortgage
• Section 1142 — Owner’s right to provide satisfaction
• Section 1143 — Devolution of claim
• Section 1144 — Handover of documents
• Section 1145 — Partial satisfaction
• Section 1146 — Default interest
• Section 1147 — Satisfaction by compulsory enforcement
• Section 1148 — Fiction of ownership
• Section 1149 — Prohibited agreements on satisfaction
• Section 1150 — Right of redemption of third parties
• Section 1151 — Change of priority for partial mortgages
• Section 1152 — Partial mortgage certificate
• Section 1153 — Transfer of mortgage and claim
• Section 1154 — Assignment of the claim
• Section 1155 — Presumption of legal force of certified declarations of assignment
• Section 1156 — Legal relationship between the owner and the new creditor
• Section 1157 — Continuation of defences against the mortgage
• Section 1158 — Future collateral performance
• Section 1159 — Arrears of collateral performance
• Section 1160 — Enforcement of a certificated mortgage
• Section 1161 — Enforcement of the claim
• Section 1162 — Judicial call with regard to the mortgage certificate
• Section 1163 — Owner mortgage
• Section 1164 — Devolution of the mortgage to the debtor
• Section 1165 — Discharge of the debtor
• Section 1166 — Notification of the debtor
• Section 1167 — Delivery of correction documents
• Section 1168 — Waiver of the mortgage
• Section 1169 — Defence with a negative effect on a right
• Section 1170 — Exclusion of unknown creditors
• Section 1171 — Exclusion by deposit
• Section 1172 — Owner blanket mortgage
• Section 1173 — Satisfaction by one of the owners
• Section 1174 — Satisfaction by the personal debtor
• Section 1175 — Waiver of the blanket mortgage
• Section 1176 — Owner partial mortgage; conflict clause
• Section 1177 — Owner land charge, owner mortgage
• Section 1178 — Mortgage for collateral performance and costs
• Section 1179 — Priority notice of right to deletion
• Section 1179a — Claim to deletion in the case of third party rights
• Section 1179b — Claim to deletion based on one’s own right
• Section 1180 — Substitution for the claim
• Section 1181 — Extinction by satisfaction from the plot of land
• Section 1182 — Transfer in the case of satisfaction from the blanket mortgage
• Section 1183 — Cancellation of the mortgage
• Section 1184 — Debt-securing mortgage
• Section 1185 — Uncertificated mortgage; inapplicable provisions
• Section 1186 — Permitted conversions
• Section 1187 — Debt-securing mortgage for bearer instruments and instruments made out to order
• Section 1188 — Special provision for bearer bonds
• Section 1189 — Appointment of a Land Register representative
• Section 1190 — Maximum amount mortgage
• Section 1191 — Statutory contents of the land charge
• Section 1192 — Applicable provisions
• Section 1193 — Termination
• Section 1194 — Place of payment
• Section 1195 — Bearer land charge
• Section 1196 — Owner land charge
• Section 1197 — Deviations from third party land charge
• Section 1198 — Permitted conversions

Subtitle 2 Annuity land charge

• Section 1199 — Statutory contents of the annuity land charge
• Section 1200 — Applicable provisions
• Section 1201 — Right of redemption
• Section 1202 — Termination
• Section 1203 — Permitted conversions

Title 1 Pledge of movable things

• Section 1204 — Statutory contents of the pledge of movable things
• Section 1205 — Creation
• Section 1206 — Replacement of delivery by granting joint possession
• Section 1207 — Pledging by an unauthorised person
• Section 1208 — Acquisition of priority of rank in good faith
• Section 1209 — Priority of the pledge
• Section 1210 — Extent of liability of the pledge
• Section 1211 — Defences of the pledgor
• Section 1212 — Extension to separated products
• Section 1213 — Pledge of emoluments
• Section 1214 — Duties of the pledgee entitled to emoluments
• Section 1215 — Duty of safekeeping
• Section 1216 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 1217 — Violation of rights by the pledgee
• Section 1218 — Rights of the pledgor in the case of imminent spoilage
• Section 1219 — Rights of the pledgee in the case of imminent spoilage
• Section 1220 — Warning of auction
• Section 1221 — Sale by private agreement
• Section 1222 — Pledge of more than one thing
• Section 1223 — Duty to return the pledged item; right to redeem the pledged item
• Section 1224 — Satisfaction by deposit or set-off
• Section 1225 — Devolution of claim to the pledgor
• Section 1226 — Limitation of compensation claims
• Section 1227 — Protection of the pledge
• Section 1228 — Satisfaction by sale of the pledged item
• Section 1229 — Prohibition of a forfeiture agreement
• Section 1230 — Selection of pledged item from more than one pledged item
• Section 1231 — Surrender of pledged item for sale
• Section 1232 — Lower-ranking pledgees
• Section 1233 — Execution of the sale
• Section 1234 — Warning of sale; waiting period
• Section 1235 — Public auction
• Section 1236 — Place of auction
• Section 1237 — Notice by publication
• Section 1238 — Conditions of sale
• Section 1239 — Bidding by creditor and owner
• Section 1240 — Things made of gold or silver
• Section 1241 — Notification of the owner
• Section 1242 — Effects of the lawful alienation
• Section 1243 — Unlawful alienation
• Section 1244 — Acquisition in good faith
• Section 1245 — Deviating agreements
• Section 1246 — Deviation for reasons of equity
• Section 1247 — Proceeds of the pledged item
• Section 1248 — Presumption of ownership
• Section 1249 — Right of redemption
• Section 1250 — Transfer of claim
• Section 1251 — Effect of the devolution of the pledge
• Section 1252 — Extinction with the claim
• Section 1253 — Extinction by return
• Section 1254 — Claim for return
• Section 1255 — Cancellation of the pledge
• Section 1256 — Coincidence of pledge and ownership
• Section 1257 — Pledge by operation of law
• Section 1258 — Pledge of the share of a co-owner
• Section 1259 — Realisation of a commercial pledged item
• Section 1260-1272

Title 2 Pledge of rights

• Section 1273 — Statutory contents of the pledge of rights
• Section 1274 — Creation
• Section 1275 — Pledge of right to performance
• Section 1276 — Cancellation or alteration of the pledged right
• Section 1277 — Satisfaction by compulsory enforcement
• Section 1278 — Extinction by return
• Section 1279 — Pledge of a claim
• Section 1280 — Notification of the debtor
• Section 1281 — Performance before the due date
• Section 1282 — Performance after the due date
• Section 1283 — Termination
• Section 1284 — Deviating agreements
• Section 1285 — Cooperation in collection
• Section 1286 — Duty of termination in the case of danger
• Section 1287 — Effect of performance
• Section 1288 — Investment of collected money
• Section 1289 — Extension to the interest
• Section 1290 — Collection in the case of multiple pledges
• Section 1291 — Pledge of land charge or annuity land charge
• Section 1292 — Pledging of instruments made out to order
• Section 1293 — Pledge of bearer instruments
• Section 1294 — Collection and notice of termination
• Section 1295 — Private sale of instruments made out to order
• Section 1296 — Extension to interest coupons

Book 4 Family law

Title 1 Engagement

• Section 1297 — No petition for a marriage to be entered into, nullity of a promise to pay a penalty
• Section 1298 — Duty of compensation in the case of withdrawal
• Section 1299 — Withdrawal by reason of fault of the other party
• Section 1300
• Section 1301 — Return of the presents
• Section 1302 — Limitation
• Section 1303 — Marriageable age
• Section 1304 — Incapacity to contract
• Section 1305

Subtitle 2 Impediments to marriage

• Section 1306 — Existing marriage or life partnership
• Section 1307 — Relationship by blood
• Section 1308 — Adoption

Subtitle 3 Certificate of no impediment

• Section 1309 — Certificate of no impediment for foreigners

Subtitle 4 Marriage

• Section 1310 — Competence of the registrar of births, deaths and marriages, curing defective marriages
• Section 1311 — Personal declaration
• Section 1312 — Marriage ceremony

Title 3 Annulment of marriage

• Section 1313 — Annulment by judicial decision
• Section 1314 — Grounds of annulment
• Section 1315 — Exclusion of annulment
• Section 1316 — Entitlement to petition
• Section 1317 — Period for filing the petition
• Section 1318 — Consequences of annulment

Title 4 Remarriage after declaration of death

• Section 1319 — Annulment of the previous marriage
• Section 1320 — Annulment of the new marriage
• Section 1321-1352

Title 5 Effects of marriage in general

• Section 1353 — Conjugal union
• Section 1354
• Section 1355 — Family name
• Section 1356 — Household management, gainful employment
• Section 1357 — Transactions to provide the necessities of life
• Section 1358
• Section 1359 — Scope of duty of care
• Section 1360 — Duty of family maintenance
• Section 1360a — Scope of the obligation to maintain
• Section 1360b — Overpayment
• Section 1361 — Maintenance when spouses are living apart
• Section 1361a — Allocation of household effects when spouses are living apart
• Section 1361b — Matrimonial residence when spouses are living apart
• Section 1362 — Presumption of ownership

Subtitle 1 Statutory property regime

• Section 1363 — Community of accrued gains
• Section 1364 — Management of assets
• Section 1365 — Disposition over assets as a whole
• Section 1366 — Ratification of contracts
• Section 1367 — Unilateral legal transactions
• Section 1368 — Asserting the ineffectiveness
• Section 1369 — Dispositions over household objects
• Section 1370
• Section 1371 — Equalisation of accrued gains in the case of death
• Section 1372 — Equalisation of accrued gains in other cases
• Section 1373 — Accrued gains
• Section 1374 — Initial assets
• Section 1375 — Final assets
• Section 1376 — Ascertainment of the value of the initial and final assets
• Section 1377 — List of initial assets
• Section 1378 — Equalisation claim
• Section 1379 — Duty of information
• Section 1380 — Set-off of advancements
• Section 1381 — Refusal of satisfaction for gross inequity
• Section 1382 — Deferment
• Section 1383 — Transfer of assets
• Section 1384 — Cut-off date for computing the accrued gains and the amount of the equalisation claim in the case of divorce
• Section 1385 — Premature equalisation of accrued gains of the spouse entitled to an equalisation claim in case of premature cancellation of the community of accrued gains
• Section 1386 — Premature suspension of the community of accrued gains
• Section 1387 — Cut-off date for computing the accrued gains and amount of the equalisation claim in the case of premature equalisation or premature suspension
• Section 1388 — Occurrence of separation of property
• Section 1389
• Section 1390 — Claims against third parties of the person entitled to equalisation
• Section 1391-1407
• Section 1408 — Marriage contract, freedom of contract
• Section 1409 — Restriction of freedom of contract
• Section 1410 — Form
• Section 1411 — Marriage contracts of persons placed under the care of a custodian
• Section 1412 — Effect in relation to third parties
• Section 1413 — Revocation of permission to manage assets

Chapter 2 Separation of property

• Section 1414 — Commencement of separation of property

Subchapter 1 General provisions

• Section 1415 — Agreement by marriage contract
• Section 1416 — Common matrimonial property
• Section 1417 — Separate property
• Section 1418 — Reserved property
• Section 1419 — Joint ownership
• Section 1420 — Use for maintenance
• Section 1421 — Management of the common matrimonial property

Subchapter 2 Management of the common matrimonial property by one spouse

• Section 1422 — Subject matter of right of management
• Section 1423 — Disposition over the common matrimonial property as a whole
• Section 1424 — Disposition over plots of land, ships or ships under construction
• Section 1425 — Donations
• Section 1426 — Substitution of the approval of the other spouse
• Section 1427 — Legal consequences of lack of consent
• Section 1428 — Dispositions without approval
• Section 1429 — Emergency right of management
• Section 1430 — Substitution of the approval of the managing spouse
• Section 1431 — Independent trade or business
• Section 1432 — Acceptance of an inheritance; refusal of offer to enter into contract or of donation
• Section 1433 — Continuation of a legal dispute
• Section 1434 — Unjust enrichment of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1435 — Duties of the managing spouse
• Section 1436 — Managing spouse under custodianship
• Section 1437 — Obligations of the common matrimonial property; personal liability
• Section 1438 — Liability of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1439 — No liability on acquisition of an inheritance
• Section 1440 — Liability for reserved or separate property
• Section 1441 — Liability as between the spouses
• Section 1442 — Obligations of the separate property and of a trade or business
• Section 1443 — Costs of litigation
• Section 1444 — Costs of the advancement of a child
• Section 1445 — Equalisation between reserved property, separate property and common matrimonial property
• Section 1446 — Due date of the equalisation claim
• Section 1447 — Petition of the non-managing spouse for termination
• Section 1448 — Petition of the managing spouse for termination
• Section 1449 — Effect of the judicial termination decision

Subchapter 3 Joint management of the common matrimonial property by the spouses

• Section 1450 — Joint management by the spouses
• Section 1451 — Duty of both spouses to cooperate
• Section 1452 — Substitution of approval
• Section 1453 — Disposition without consent
• Section 1454 — Emergency right of management
• Section 1455 — Acts of management without the cooperation of the other spouse
• Section 1456 — Independent trade or business
• Section 1457 — Unjust enrichment of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1458
• Section 1459 — Obligations of the common matrimonial property; personal liability
• Section 1460 — Liability of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1461 — No liability on acquisition of an inheritance
• Section 1462 — Liability for reserved or separate property
• Section 1463 — Liability as between the spouses
• Section 1464 — Obligations of the separate property and of a trade or business
• Section 1465 — Costs of litigation
• Section 1466 — Costs of the advancement of a child that is not a child of the spouses
• Section 1467 — Equalisation between reserved property, separate property and common matrimonial property
• Section 1468 — Due date of the equalisation claim
• Section 1469 — Petition for termination
• Section 1470 — Effect of the judicial termination decision

Subchapter 4 Partitioning of the common matrimonial property

• Section 1471 — Beginning of the partitioning
• Section 1472 — Joint management of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1473 — Direct substitution
• Section 1474 — Implementation of the partitioning
• Section 1475 — Discharge of the obligations of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1476 — Division of the surplus
• Section 1477 — Implementation of the division
• Section 1478 — Partitioning after divorce
• Section 1479 — Partitioning after judicial termination decision
• Section 1480 — Liability to third parties after the division
• Section 1481 — Liability of the spouses to each other
• Section 1482 — Dissolution of marriage by death

Subchapter 5 Continued community of property

• Section 1483 — Occurrence of continued community of property
• Section 1484 — Refusal of continued community of property
• Section 1485 — Common matrimonial property
• Section 1486 — Reserved property; separate property
• Section 1487 — Legal position of the spouse and the descendants
• Section 1488 — Obligations of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1489 — Personal liability for the obligations of the common matrimonial property
• Section 1490 — Death of a descendant
• Section 1491 — Waiver by a descendant
• Section 1492 — Termination by the surviving spouse
• Section 1493 — Remarriage or establishment of a life partnership by the surviving spouse
• Section 1494 — Death of the surviving spouse
• Section 1495 — Petition of a descendant for termination
• Section 1496 — Effect of the judicial termination decision
• Section 1497 — Legal relationship until partitioning
• Section 1498 — Implementation of the partitioning
• Section 1499 — Obligations borne by the surviving spouse
• Section 1500 — Obligations borne by the descendants
• Section 1501 — Set-off of lump sum payments
• Section 1502 — Right of surviving spouse to assume assets
• Section 1503 — Division among the descendants
• Section 1504 — Adjustment of liability between descendants
• Section 1505 — Supplementation of the share of a descendant
• Section 1506 — Unworthiness to receive a share
• Section 1507 — Certificate on continuation of the community of property
• Section 1508
• Section 1509 — Exclusion of the continued community of property by testamentary disposition
• Section 1510 — Effect of exclusion
• Section 1511 — Exclusion of a descendant
• Section 1512 — Reduction of the share
• Section 1513 — Deprivation of the share
• Section 1514 — Disposition of the amount withheld
• Section 1515 — Right of a descendant and of the spouse to assume assets
• Section 1516 — Approval of the other spouse
• Section 1517 — Waiver of their share by a descendant
• Section 1518 — Mandatory law

Chapter 4 Optional Regime of the Community of Accrued Gains

• Section 1519 — Agreement by marriage contract

Subtitle 3 Matrimonial property register

• Section 1558 — Competent court of registration
• Section 1559 — Change of habitual residence
• Section 1560 — Application for entry
• Section 1561 — Requirements for application
• Section 1562 — Notice by publication
• Section 1563 — Inspection of the register; application of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 in registry proceedings

Subtitle 1 Grounds of divorce

• Section 1564 — Divorce by judicial decision
• Section 1565 — Breakdown of marriage
• Section 1566 — Presumption of breakdown
• Section 1567 — Living apart
• Section 1568 — Hardship clause

Subtitle 1a Treatment of the matrimonial residence and of the household objects on the occasion of divorce

• Section 1568a — Matrimonial residence
• Section 1568b — Household objects

Chapter 1 Principle

• Section 1569 — Principle of personal responsibility

Chapter 2 Entitlement to maintenance

• Section 1570 — Maintenance to care for a child
• Section 1571 — Maintenance by reason of old age
• Section 1572 — Maintenance for illness or infirmity
• Section 1573 — Maintenance for unemployment and topping-up maintenance
• Section 1574 — Appropriate gainful employment
• Section 1575 — Training, further training or retraining
• Section 1576 — Maintenance for reasons of equity
• Section 1577 — Indigence
• Section 1578 — Amount of maintenance
• Section 1578a — Presumption of cover in the case of additional expenditure resulting from injury
• Section 1578b — Reduction and time limitation of maintenance on grounds of inequity
• Section 1579 — Restriction or refusal of maintenance for gross inequity
• Section 1580 — Duty of information

Chapter 3 Ability to pay and priority

• Section 1581 — Ability to pay
• Section 1582 — Priority of the divorced spouse where more than one person is entitled to maintenance
• Section 1583 — Influence of the matrimonial property regime
• Section 1584 — Priority of more than one person liable for maintenance

Chapter 4 Form of the maintenance claim

• Section 1585 — Nature of maintenance payment
• Section 1585a — Provision of security
• Section 1585b — Maintenance for the past
• Section 1585c — Agreements on maintenance

Chapter 5 End of the maintenance claim

• Section 1586 — Remarriage, establishment of a life partnership or death of the person entitled
• Section 1586a — Revival of the maintenance claim
• Section 1586b — Obligation not extinguished on death of the person obliged

Subtitle 3 Equalisation of pension rights

• Section 1587 — Reference to the Equalisation of Pension Rights Act (Versorgungsausgleichsgesetz)

Title 8 Church duties

• Section 1588 — (no heading)

Title 1 General provisions

• Section 1589 — Relationship by blood
• Section 1590 — Relationship by marriage

Title 2 Descent

• Section 1591 — Maternity
• Section 1592 — Paternity
• Section 1593 — Paternity in the case of dissolution of the marriage by death
• Section 1594 — Acknowledgement of paternity
• Section 1595 — Need for approval of the acknowledgement
• Section 1596 — Acknowledgement and approval in the case of lack of capacity to contract or limited capacity to contract
• Section 1597 — Formal requirements; revocation
• Section 1597a — Prohibition of wrongful acknowledgment of paternity
• Section 1598 — Ineffectiveness of acknowledgement, approval and revocation
• Section 1598a — Claim to consent to a genetic examination to clarify natural parentage
• Section 1599 — Non-existence of paternity
• Section 1600 — Persons entitled to contest
• Section 1600a — Personal contestation; contestation in the case of lack of capacity to contract or limited capacity to contract
• Section 1600b — Contestation periods
• Section 1600c — Presumption of paternity in contestation proceedings
• Section 1600d — Court determination of paternity

Subtitle 1 General provisions

• Section 1601 — Persons with an obligation to maintain
• Section 1602 — Indigence
• Section 1603 — Ability to pay
• Section 1604 — Influence of the matrimonial property regime
• Section 1605 — Duty of information
• Section 1606 — Order of priority of more than one person obliged
• Section 1607 — Substituted liability and statutory devolution of claim
• Section 1608 — Liability of the spouse or life partner
• Section 1609 — Priority of more than person entitled to maintenance
• Section 1610 — Amount of maintenance
• Section 1610a — Presumption of cover in the case of additional expenditure resulting from injury
• Section 1611 — Restriction or end of obligation
• Section 1612 — Nature of maintenance payment
• Section 1612a — Minimum maintenance of minor children; authorisation to issue statutory instruments
• Section 1612b — Meeting cash requirements through child benefit
• Section 1612c — Set-off of other child-related payments
• Section 1613 — Maintenance for the past
• Section 1614 — Waiver of maintenance claim; advance performance
• Section 1615 — Extinction of the maintenance claim

Subtitle 2 Special provisions for the child and its parents who are not married to each other

• Section 1615a — Applicable provisions
• Section 1615l — Maintenance claim of mother and father by reason of the birth
• Section 1615m — Funeral costs for the mother
• Section 1615n — No expiry on the death of the father or stillbirth

Title 4 Legal relationship between the parents and the child in general

• Section 1616 — Birth name in the case of parents with family name
• Section 1617 — Birth name in the case of parents without family name and with joint parental custody
• Section 1617a — Birth name in the case of parents without family name and with sole parental custody
• Section 1617b — Name in the case of subsequent joint parental custody or ostensible paternity
• Section 1617c — Name in the case of change of name by the parents
• Section 1618 — Bringing a child under a family name
• Section 1618a — Duty of assistance and respect
• Section 1619 — Services in house and business
• Section 1620 — Outlays of the child for the household of its parents
• Section 1621-1623
• Section 1624 — Advancement from the parental assets
• Section 1625 — Advancement from the assets of the child

Title 5 Parental custody

• Section 1626 — Parental custody, principles
• Section 1626a — Parental custody of parents who are not married to one another; declarations of parental custody
• Section 1626b — Special prerequisites for the effectiveness of the declaration of parental custody
• Section 1626c — Declaring in person; parent with limited capacity to contract
• Section 1626d — Form; duty of notification
• Section 1626e — Ineffectiveness
• Section 1627 — Exercise of parental custody
• Section 1628 — Court decision in the case of differences of opinion between the parents
• Section 1629 — Representation of the child
• Section 1629a — Restriction of liability of minors
• Section 1630 — Parental custody in the case of appointment of a curator or of foster care
• Section 1631 — Contents and limits of care for the person of the child
• Section 1631a — Training and profession
• Section 1631b — Placement involving deprivation of liberty and measures involving deprivation of liberty
• Section 1631c — Prohibition of sterilisation
• Section 1631d — Circumcision of the male child
• Section 1631e — Treatment of children with variants of sexual development
• Section 1632 — Surrender of the child; determination of contact; order that child remains in foster care
• Section 1633
• Section 1634-1637
• Section 1638 — Restriction of care for the assets of the child
• Section 1639 — Directions of the testator or donor
• Section 1640 — Inventory of assets
• Section 1641 — Prohibition of donation
• Section 1642 — Investment of money
• Section 1643 — Legal transactions subject to approval
• Section 1644 — Making available assets to the child
• Section 1645 — New trade or business
• Section 1646 — Acquisition with funds of the child
• Section 1647
• Section 1648 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 1649 — Use of the income from the assets of the child
• Section 1650-1663
• Section 1664 — Limited liability of the parents
• Section 1665
• Section 1666 — Court measures in the case of endangerment of the best interests of the child
• Section 1666a — Principle of proportionality; priority of public support measures
• Section 1667 — Court measures in the case of endangerment of the assets of the child
• Section 1668-1670
• Section 1671 — Transfer of sole custody where the parents live apart
• Section 1672
• Section 1673 — Suspension of parental custody in the case of a legal impediment
• Section 1674 — Suspension of parental custody in the case of a factual impediment
• Section 1674a — Suspension of the mother’s parental custody for a child delivered by confidential birth
• Section 1675 — Effect of the suspension
• Section 1676
• Section 1677 — Termination of parental custody by declaration of death
• Section 1678 — Consequences for the other parent of the actual prevention or of the suspension
• Section 1679
• Section 1680 — Death of a parent or removal of the parental custody
• Section 1681 — Declaration of death of a parent
• Section 1682 — Order that the child remains with persons to whom it relates
• Section 1683
• Section 1684 — Contact of the child with its parents
• Section 1685 — Contact of the child with other persons to whom it relates
• Section 1686 — Information on the personal circumstances of the child
• Section 1686a — Rights of the biological but not legal father
• Section 1687 — Exercise of joint parental custody when the parents live apart
• Section 1687a — Power to make decision of the parent without parental custody
• Section 1687b — Parental custody powers of the spouse
• Section 1688 — Decisions of the foster carer
• Section 1689-1692
• Section 1693 — Court measures where the parents are prevented
• Section 1696 — Amendment of judicial decisions and of court-approved settlements
• Section 1697
• Section 1697a — Principle of best interests of child
• Section 1698 — Surrender of the assets of the child; rendering accounts
• Section 1698a — Continuation of transactions in ignorance that parental custody has ended
• Section 1698b — Continuation of urgent transactions after the death of the child
• Section 1699-1711

Title 6 Legal advisership

• Section 1712 — Youth welfare office as legal adviser; tasks
• Section 1713 — Persons entitled to apply
• Section 1714 — Occurrence of legal advisership
• Section 1715 — Termination of legal advisership
• Section 1716 — Effects of legal advisership
• Section 1717 — Requirement of habitual residence on domestic territory
• Section 1718-1740

Subtitle 1 Adoption of minors

• Section 1741 — Admissibility of the adoption
• Section 1742 — Adoption only as child of the spouses
• Section 1743 — Minimum age
• Section 1744 — Probationary period
• Section 1745 — Prohibition of adoption
• Section 1746 — Consent of the child
• Section 1747 — Consent of the parents of the child
• Section 1748 — Substitution of the consent of a parent
• Section 1749 — Consent of the spouse
• Section 1750 — Declaration of consent
• Section 1751 — Effect of parental consent, maintenance obligation
• Section 1752 — Order of the family court, application
• Section 1753 — Adoption after death
• Section 1754 — Effect of adoption
• Section 1755 — Extinction of relationships
• Section 1756 — Continuation of relationships
• Section 1757 — Name of the child
• Section 1758 — Prohibition on disclosure and exploratory questioning
• Section 1759 — Cancellation of the adoption relationship
• Section 1760 — Setting aside for lack of declarations
• Section 1761 — Impediments preventing cancellation
• Section 1762 — Entitlement to apply; period for filing application, form
• Section 1763 — Cancellation by the court of its own motion
• Section 1764 — Effect of cancellation
• Section 1765 — Name of the child after the cancellation
• Section 1766 — Marriage between adoptive parent and child
• Section 1766a — Adoption of children of a partner who is not a spouse

Subtitle 2 Adoption of persons of full age

• Section 1767 — Admissibility of adoption, applicable provisions
• Section 1768 — Application
• Section 1769 — Prohibition of adoption
• Section 1770 — Effect of adoption
• Section 1771 — Cancellation of the adoption relationship
• Section 1772 — Adoption with the effects of the adoption of a minor

Subtitle 1 Creation of guardianship

• Section 1773 — Prerequisites
• Section 1774 — Order by the court of its own motion
• Section 1775 — More than one guardian
• Section 1776 — Right of the parents to name the guardian
• Section 1777 — Prerequisites for the right to name the guardian
• Section 1778 — Passing over the guardian named
• Section 1779 — Selection by the family court
• Section 1780 — Lack of capacity to be a guardian
• Section 1781 — Unsuitability to be a guardian
• Section 1782 — Exclusion by the parents
• Section 1783
• Section 1784 — Official or church officer as guardian
• Section 1785 — Duty to assume guardianship
• Section 1786 — Right to refuse
• Section 1787 — Consequences of unjustified refusal
• Section 1788 — Coercive fine
• Section 1789 — Appointment by the family court
• Section 1790 — Appointment subject to a reservation
• Section 1791 — Certificate of appointment
• Section 1791a — Guardianship by association
• Section 1791b — Official guardianship of the Youth Welfare Office by appointment
• Section 1791c — Statutory official guardianship of the Youth Welfare Office
• Section 1792 — Supervisory guardian

Subtitle 2 Conducting of the guardianship

• Section 1793 — Duties of the guardian, liability of the ward
• Section 1794 — Restriction as a result of curatorship
• Section 1795 — Exclusion of power of agency
• Section 1796 — Revocation of power of agency
• Section 1797 — More than one guardian
• Section 1798 — Differences of opinion
• Section 1799 — Duties and rights of the supervisory guardian
• Section 1800 — Scope of care for the person
• Section 1801 — Religious education
• Section 1802 — Inventory of assets
• Section 1803 — Management of assets in the case of inheritance or donation
• Section 1804 — Donations made by the guardian
• Section 1805 — Use for the guardian
• Section 1806 — Investment of money held in trust for a ward
• Section 1807 — Nature of investment
• Section 1808
• Section 1809 — Investment with blocking note
• Section 1810 — Cooperation of supervisory guardian or family court
• Section 1811 — Other investment
• Section 1812 — Dispositions over claims and securities
• Section 1813 — Transactions not requiring approval
• Section 1814 — Deposit of bearer instruments
• Section 1815 — Change of registration and conversion of bearer instruments
• Section 1816 — Blocking of book-entry securities
• Section 1817 — Exemption
• Section 1818 — Order of deposit
• Section 1819 — Approval in the case of deposit
• Section 1820 — Approval after change of registration and conversion
• Section 1821 — Approval of transactions relating to plots of land, ships or ships under construction
• Section 1822 — Approval for other transactions
• Section 1823 — Approval where the ward has a trade or business
• Section 1824 — Approval for making available objects to the ward for their use
• Section 1825 — General authorisation
• Section 1826 — Hearing of the supervisory guardian before giving the approval
• Section 1827
• Section 1828 — Pronouncement of approval
• Section 1829 — Subsequent approval
• Section 1830 — Right of revocation of the other party
• Section 1831 — Unilateral legal transaction without approval
• Section 1832 — Ratification by the supervisory guardian
• Section 1833 — Liability of the guardian
• Section 1834 — Duty to pay interest
• Section 1835 — Reimbursement of outlays
• Section 1835a — Reimbursement for expenses
• Section 1836 — Payment of the guardian
• Section 1836c — Funds to be applied by the ward
• Section 1836d — Destitution of the ward
• Section 1836e — Statutory devolution of claim

Subtitle 3 Care and supervision of the family court

• Section 1837 — Advice and supervision
• Section 1838
• Section 1839 — Duty of information of the guardian
• Section 1840 — Report and rendering of account
• Section 1841 — Contents of the accounts rendered
• Section 1842 — Cooperation of the supervisory guardian
• Section 1843 — Examination by the family court
• Section 1844
• Section 1845
• Section 1846 — Interim measures of the family court
• Section 1847 — Hearing of the relatives
• Section 1848

Subtitle 4 Cooperation of the Youth Welfare Office

• Section 1851 — Duties of notification

Subtitle 5 Exempted guardianship

• Section 1852 — Exemption by the father
• Section 1853 — Exemption from deposit and blocking
• Section 1854 — Exemption from duty to render accounts
• Section 1855 — Exemption by the mother
• Section 1856 — Prerequisites for exemption
• Section 1857 — Cancellation of the exemption by the family court
• Section 1857a — Exemption of the Youth Welfare Office and the association
• Section 1858-1881

Subtitle 6 Termination of the guardianship

• Section 1882 — Cessation of the prerequisites
• Section 1883
• Section 1884 — Ward missing and declaration of death of the ward
• Section 1885
• Section 1886 — Removal of the sole guardian
• Section 1887 — Removal of the Youth Welfare Office or association
• Section 1888 — Removal of officials and church officers
• Section 1889 — Removal on application by the guardian
• Section 1890 — Surrender of assets and rendering accounts
• Section 1891 — Cooperation of the supervisory guardian
• Section 1892 — Examination and approval of the account
• Section 1893 — Continuation of transactions after the termination of the guardianship, return of certificates
• Section 1894 — Notification on death of the guardian
• Section 1895 — Termination of office of the supervisory guardian

Title 2 Legal custodianship

• Section 1896 — Prerequisites
• Section 1897 — Appointment of a natural person
• Section 1898 — Duty to assume custodianship
• Section 1899 — More than one custodian
• Section 1900 — Custodianship by association or public authority
• Section 1901 — Scope of the custodianship, duties of the custodian
• Section 1901a — Living will
• Section 1901b — Discussion to ascertain the patient’s will
• Section 1901c — Wishes in writing with regard to custodianship, enduring power of attorney
• Section 1902 — Representation of the person under custodianship
• Section 1903 — Reservation of consent
• Section 1904 — Ratification by the custodianship court in the case of medical treatment
• Section 1905 — Sterilisation
• Section 1906 — Ratification by the custodianship court in the case of placement involving deprivation of liberty and in the case of measures involving deprivation of liberty
• Section 1906a — Ratification by the custodianship court in the case of coercive measures by physicians
• Section 1907 — Ratification by the custodianship court in the case of the abandonment of rented residence
• Section 1908 — Ratification by the custodianship court with regard to advancement
• Section 1908a — Precautionary appointment of a custodian and order of reservation of consent for minors
• Section 1908b — Removal of the custodian
• Section 1908c — Appointment of a new custodian
• Section 1908d — Cancellation or alteration of custodianship and reservation of consent
• Section 1908e
• Section 1908f — Recognition as custodianship association
• Section 1908g — Public authority custodian
• Section 1908h
• Section 1908i — Provisions applicable accordingly
• Section 1908k

Title 3 Curatorship

• Section 1909 — Supplementary curatorship
• Section 1910
• Section 1911 — Curatorship of absentees
• Section 1912 — Curatorship for an unborn child
• Section 1913 — Curatorship for unknown persons involved
• Section 1914 — Curatorship for collected assets
• Section 1915 — Application of guardianship law
• Section 1916 — Designation as supplementary curator
• Section 1917 — Naming of the supplementary curator by testator and third parties
• Section 1918 — Termination of the curatorship by operation of law
• Section 1919 — Cancellation of the curatorship on cessation of reason
• Section 1920
• Section 1921 — Cancellation of the curatorship of absentees

Book 5 Law of succession

Division 1 Succession

• Section 1922 — Universal succession
• Section 1923 — Capacity to inherit
• Section 1924 — Heirs on intestacy of the first degree
• Section 1925 — Heirs on intestacy of the second degree
• Section 1926 — Heirs on intestacy of the third degree
• Section 1927 — More than one share of the inheritance in the case of multiple relationship
• Section 1928 — Heirs on intestacy of the fourth degree
• Section 1929 — More distant degrees
• Section 1930 — Priority of the degrees
• Section 1931 — Right of intestate succession of the spouse
• Section 1932 — Preferential benefit of the spouse
• Section 1933 — Exclusion of the right of succession of the spouse
• Section 1934 — Right of succession of spouse who is a relative
• Section 1935 — Consequences of increase of share of the inheritance
• Section 1936 — Right of intestate succession of the State
• Section 1937 — Appointment of heir by testamentary disposition
• Section 1938 — Disinheritance without appointment of an heir
• Section 1939 — Legacy
• Section 1940 — Testamentary burden
• Section 1941 — Contract of inheritance
• Section 1942 — Devolution and disclaimer of the inheritance
• Section 1943 — Acceptance and disclaimer of the inheritance
• Section 1944 — Period for disclaimer
• Section 1945 — Form of disclaimer
• Section 1946 — Date for acceptance or disclaimer
• Section 1947 — Condition and stipulation as to time
• Section 1948 — More than one ground of entitlement
• Section 1949 — Mistake as to the ground of entitlement
• Section 1950 — Partial acceptance; partial disclaimer
• Section 1951 — More than one share of the inheritance
• Section 1952 — Inheritability of the right of disclaimer
• Section 1953 — Effect of disclaimer
• Section 1954 — Period of avoidance
• Section 1955 — Form of avoidance
• Section 1956 — Avoidance of failure to disclaim in good time
• Section 1957 — Effect of avoidance
• Section 1958 — Judicial assertion of claims against the heir
• Section 1959 — Management before the disclaimer
• Section 1960 — Securing the estate; curator of the estate
• Section 1961 — Curatorship of the estate on application
• Section 1962 — Jurisdiction of the probate court
• Section 1963 — Maintenance for the mother-to-be of an heir
• Section 1964 — Presumption that the treasury is heir
• Section 1965 — Public invitation to register the rights of succession
• Section 1966 — Legal position of the treasury before determination
• Section 1967 — Liability of heir, obligations of the estate
• Section 1968 — Costs of funeral
• Section 1969 — Maintenance for 30 days

Subtitle 2 Judicial call for the creditors of the estate

• Section 1970 — Notification of the claims
• Section 1971 — Creditors not affected
• Section 1972 — Rights not affected
• Section 1973 — Exclusion of creditors of the estate
• Section 1974 — Defence of withheld information

Subtitle 3 Restriction of the liability of the heir

• Section 1975 — Administration of estate; estate insolvency
• Section 1976 — Effect on legal relationships extinguished by merger
• Section 1977 — Effect on a set-off
• Section 1978 — Responsibility of the heir for previous administration, reimbursement of expenses
• Section 1979 — Discharge of obligations of the estate
• Section 1980 — Application for opening of estate insolvency proceedings
• Section 1981 — Order of administration of the estate
• Section 1982 — Refusal to order administration of the estate for insufficiency of assets
• Section 1983 — Notice by publication
• Section 1984 — Effect of the order
• Section 1985 — Duties and liability of the administrator of the estate
• Section 1986 — Surrender of the estate
• Section 1987 — Payment of the administrator of the estate
• Section 1988 — End and cancellation of administration of the estate
• Section 1989 — Defence by the heir of exhaustion of assets
• Section 1990 — Defence by the heir as to insufficiency of assets
• Section 1991 — Consequences of defence as to insufficiency of assets
• Section 1992 — Over-indebtedness as a result of legacies and testamentary burdens

Subtitle 4 Filing of an inventory, unlimited liability of the heir

• Section 1993 — Filing of an inventory
• Section 1994 — Inventory period
• Section 1995 — Length of the period
• Section 1996 — Fixing a new period
• Section 1997 — Suspension of the expiry of the period
• Section 1998 — Death of the heir before expiry of the period
• Section 1999 — Notice to the court
• Section 2000 — Ineffectiveness of the fixing of the period
• Section 2001 — Contents of the inventory
• Section 2002 — Preparation of the inventory by the heir
• Section 2003 — Official preparation of the inventory
• Section 2004 — Reference to an existing inventory
• Section 2005 — Unlimited liability of the heir if the inventory is incorrect
• Section 2006 — Declaration in lieu of an oath
• Section 2007 — Liability in the case of more than one share of the inheritance
• Section 2008 — Inventory for an inheritance that is part of common matrimonial property
• Section 2009 — Effect of filing of inventory
• Section 2010 — Inspection of the inventory
• Section 2011 — No inventory period for the treasury as heir
• Section 2012 — No inventory period for the curator and administrator of the estate
• Section 2013 — Consequences of the unlimited liability of the heir

Subtitle 5 Suspensive defences

• Section 2014 — Defence within three months
• Section 2015 — Defence of judicial call procedure
• Section 2016 — Exclusion of defences in the case of unlimited liability of the heir
• Section 2017 — Beginning of the period of time in the case of curatorship of the estate

Title 3 Claim to inheritance

• Section 2018 — Duty to surrender of the possessor of the inheritance
• Section 2019 — Direct substitution
• Section 2020 — Emoluments and fruits
• Section 2021 — Duty to surrender under principles of unjust enrichment
• Section 2022 — Reimbursement of outlays and expenses
• Section 2023 — Liability after litigation is pending and for emoluments and outlays
• Section 2024 — Liability with knowledge
• Section 2025 — Liability in the case of tort
• Section 2026 — No reliance on acquisition by prescription
• Section 2027 — Duty of information of the possessor of the inheritance
• Section 2028 — Duty of information of occupant of house
• Section 2029 — Liability in the case of individual claims by the heir
• Section 2030 — Legal position of the acquirer of the inheritance
• Section 2031 — Claim to surrender of a person declared dead

Subtitle 1 Legal relationship of the heirs between themselves

• Section 2032 — Community of heirs
• Section 2033 — Right of disposition of the co-heir
• Section 2034 — Right of preemption as against seller
• Section 2035 — Right of preemption as against buyer
• Section 2036 — Liability of buyer of share of the inheritance
• Section 2037 — Onward alienation of the share of the inheritance
• Section 2038 — Joint management of the estate
• Section 2039 — Estate claims
• Section 2040 — Alienation of objects of the estate, set-off
• Section 2041 — Direct substitution
• Section 2042 — Partitioning
• Section 2043 — Postponement of partitioning
• Section 2044 — Exclusion of partitioning
• Section 2045 — Postponement of partitioning
• Section 2046 — Discharge of obligations of the estate
• Section 2047 — Distribution of the surplus
• Section 2048 — Directions by the deceased for partitioning
• Section 2049 — Taking over of a farm
• Section 2050 — Duty to adjust advancements for descendants as heirs on intestacy
• Section 2051 — Duty to adjust advancements if a descendant does not inherit
• Section 2052 — Duty to adjust advancements for descendants as heirs by will
• Section 2053 — Gift to more remote or adopted descendant
• Section 2054 — Gift from the common matrimonial property
• Section 2055 — Carrying out the adjustment
• Section 2056 — Excess gifts
• Section 2057 — Duty of information
• Section 2057a — Duty to adjust advancements in the case of special payments by one descendant

Subtitle 2 Legal relationship between the heirs and the creditors of the estate

• Section 2058 — Joint and several liability
• Section 2059 — Liability until division
• Section 2060 — Liability after division
• Section 2061 — Judicial call for the creditors of the estate
• Section 2062 — Application for administration of the estate
• Section 2063 — Filing of an inventory, limitation of liability

Title 1 General provisions

• Section 2064 — Made in person
• Section 2065 — Determination by third parties
• Section 2066 — Heirs on intestacy of the testator
• Section 2067 — Relatives of the testator
• Section 2068 — Children of the testator
• Section 2069 — Descendants of the testator
• Section 2070 — Descendants of a third party
• Section 2071 — Group of persons
• Section 2072 — The poor
• Section 2073 — Ambiguous designation
• Section 2074 — Condition precedent
• Section 2075 — Condition subsequent
• Section 2076 — Condition for the benefit of a third party
• Section 2077 — Ineffectiveness of testamentary dispositions on dissolution of marriage or engagement
• Section 2078 — Avoidance for mistake or duress
• Section 2079 — Avoidance for omission of a person entitled to a compulsory portion
• Section 2080 — Person entitled to avoid
• Section 2081 — Declaration of avoidance
• Section 2082 — Period of avoidance
• Section 2083 — Defence of voidability
• Section 2084 — Interpretation favouring effectiveness
• Section 2085 — Partial ineffectiveness
• Section 2086 — Reservation of right to make addition

Title 2 Appointment of heirs

• Section 2087 — Gift of assets, of fraction of assets or of individual objects
• Section 2088 — Appointment to fractions
• Section 2089 — Increase of the fractions
• Section 2090 — Decrease of fractions
• Section 2091 — Undetermined fractions
• Section 2092 — Partial appointment to fractions
• Section 2093 — Joint share of the inheritance
• Section 2094 — Accrual
• Section 2095 — Accrued share of the inheritance
• Section 2096 — Substitute heir
• Section 2097 — Rule of interpretation in the case of substitute heir
• Section 2098 — Mutual appointment as substitute heir
• Section 2099 — Substitute heir and accrual

Title 3 Appointment of a reversionary heir

• Section 2100 — Reversionary heir
• Section 2101 — Reversionary heir not yet conceived
• Section 2102 — Reversionary heir and substitute heir
• Section 2103 — Order to surrender the inheritance
• Section 2104 — Heirs on intestacy as reversionary heirs
• Section 2105 — Heirs on intestacy as provisional heirs
• Section 2106 — Occurrence of reversionary succession
• Section 2107 — Childless provisional heir
• Section 2108 — Capacity to inherit; inheritability of the reversionary succession
• Section 2109 — End of effectiveness of reversionary succession
• Section 2110 — Scope of the right of reversionary succession
• Section 2111 — Direct substitution
• Section 2112 — Right of alienation of the provisional heir
• Section 2113 — Dispositions of plots of land, ships and ships under construction; gifts
• Section 2114 — Dispositions of mortgage claims, land charges and annuity land charges
• Section 2115 — Dispositions of compulsory enforcement against provisional heir
• Section 2116 — Deposit of securities
• Section 2117 — Change of registration; conversion
• Section 2118 — Blocking note in debt ledger
• Section 2119 — Investment of money
• Section 2120 — Duty of reversionary heir to consent
• Section 2121 — List of objects of inheritance
• Section 2122 — Determination of the condition of the inheritance
• Section 2123 — Economic plan
• Section 2124 — Costs of maintenance
• Section 2125 — Outlays; right to remove
• Section 2126 — Extraordinary burdens
• Section 2127 — Right to information of reversionary heir
• Section 2128 — Provision of security
• Section 2129 — Effect of deprivation of management
• Section 2130 — Duty to surrender after the occurrence of reversionary succession, duty to render accounts
• Section 2131 — Scope of duty of care
• Section 2132 — No liability for ordinary wear and tear
• Section 2133 — Improper or excessive taking of fruits
• Section 2134 — Own use
• Section 2135 — Lease and usufructuary lease in reversionary succession
• Section 2136 — Release of the provisional heir
• Section 2137 — Rule of interpretation for the release
• Section 2138 — Restricted duty to surrender
• Section 2139 — Effect of occurrence of reversionary succession
• Section 2140 — Dispositions of the provisional heir after occurrence of reversionary succession
• Section 2141 — Maintenance for the mother-to-be of a reversionary heir
• Section 2142 — Disclaimer of reversionary succession
• Section 2143 — Restoration of extinguished legal relationships
• Section 2144 — Liability of the reversionary heir for the obligations of the estate
• Section 2145 — Liability of the provisional heir for the obligations of the estate
• Section 2146 — Duty of provisional heir to notify creditors of the estate

Title 4 Legacies

• Section 2147 — Person charged with a legacy
• Section 2148 — More than one person charged with a legacy
• Section 2149 — Legacy for heirs on intestacy
• Section 2150 — Preferential legacy
• Section 2151 — Right to decide of the person charged or of a third person in the event of more than one person provided for
• Section 2152 — Choice of persons provided for
• Section 2153 — Determination of shares
• Section 2154 — Optional legacy
• Section 2155 — General legacy
• Section 2156 — Legacy for a special purpose
• Section 2157 — Joint legacy
• Section 2158 — Accrual
• Section 2159 — Independence of the accrual
• Section 2160 — Prior death of person provided for
• Section 2161 — Where the person charged does not inherit
• Section 2162 — Thirty-year period for a suspended legacy
• Section 2163 — Exceptions to the thirty-year period
• Section 2164 — Extension to accessories and claims to compensation
• Section 2165 — Charges
• Section 2166 — Charge with a mortgage
• Section 2167 — Charge with a blanket mortgage
• Section 2168 — Charge with a blanket land charge
• Section 2168a — Application to ships, ships under construction and ship mortgages
• Section 2169 — Legacy of foreign objects
• Section 2170 — Legacy to be procured
• Section 2171 — Impossibility, statutory prohibition
• Section 2172 — Combination, intermixture, mingling of the bequeathed thing
• Section 2173 — Claim as a legacy
• Section 2174 — Claim arising under a legacy
• Section 2175 — Restoration of extinguished legal relationships
• Section 2176 — Devolution of the legacy
• Section 2177 — Devolution in the event of a condition or a time limit
• Section 2178 — Devolution in the event of a person provided for not yet conceived or determined
• Section 2179 — Period pending fulfilment
• Section 2180 — Acceptance and disclaimer
• Section 2181 — Discretionary due date
• Section 2182 — Liability for defects of title
• Section 2183 — Liability for material defects
• Section 2184 — Fruits and emoluments
• Section 2185 — Reimbursement of outlays and expenses
• Section 2186 — Due date of sublegacy or testamentary burden
• Section 2187 — Liability of the main legatee
• Section 2188 — Reduction of the charges
• Section 2189 — Directions concerning priority
• Section 2190 — Substitute legatee
• Section 2191 — Subsequent legatee

Title 5 Testamentary burden

• Section 2192 — Applicable provisions
• Section 2193 — Appointment of the beneficiary, period for fulfilment
• Section 2194 — Claim for fulfilment
• Section 2195 — Relationship between testamentary burden and gift
• Section 2196 — Impossibility of fulfilment

Title 6 Executor

• Section 2197 — Appointment of an executor
• Section 2198 — Determination of the executor by a third person
• Section 2199 — Appointment of co-executor or successor
• Section 2200 — Appointment by the probate court
• Section 2201 — Ineffectiveness of the appointment
• Section 2202 — Acceptance and refusal of office
• Section 2203 — Task of the executor
• Section 2204 — Partitioning of the estate between co-heirs
• Section 2205 — Administration of the estate, power of alienation
• Section 2206 — Incurring obligations
• Section 2207 — Extended authority
• Section 2208 — Limitation of the rights of the executor, execution by the heir
• Section 2209 — Permanent execution
• Section 2210 — Thirty-year period for permanent execution
• Section 2211 — Limitation on dispositions of the heir
• Section 2212 — Assertion in court of the rights subject to the execution of the will
• Section 2213 — Assertion in court of claims against the estate
• Section 2214 — Creditors of the heir
• Section 2215 — Inventory of the estate
• Section 2216 — Proper administration of the estate, compliance with directions
• Section 2217 — Making available objects of the estate
• Section 2218 — Legal relationship with the heir; rendering of accounts
• Section 2219 — Liability of the executor
• Section 2220 — Mandatory law
• Section 2221 — Remuneration of the executor
• Section 2222 — Executor for the reversionary heir
• Section 2223 — Executor of a legacy
• Section 2224 — More than one executor
• Section 2225 — Expiry of the office of the executor
• Section 2226 — Notice of termination by the executor
• Section 2227 — Dismissal of the executor
• Section 2228 — Inspection of records

Title 7 The making and revocation of a will

• Section 2229 — Testamentary capacity of minors, lack of testamentary capacity
• Section 2230
• Section 2231 — Regular wills
• Section 2232 — Public will
• Section 2233 — Special cases
• Section 2234-2246
• Section 2247 — Holographic will
• Section 2248 — Custody of a holographic will
• Section 2249 — Emergency will made before the mayor
• Section 2250 — Emergency will before three witnesses
• Section 2251 — Emergency will made at sea
• Section 2252 — Period of validity of emergency wills
• Section 2253 — Revocation of the will
• Section 2254 — Revocation by will
• Section 2255 — Revocation by destruction or changes
• Section 2256 — Revocation by the revocation of the will from official custody
• Section 2257 — Revocation of the revocation
• Section 2258 — Revocation by a later will
• Section 2258a
• Section 2258b
• Section 2259 — Obligation to deliver
• Section 2260
• Section 2261
• Section 2262
• Section 2263 — Voidness of a prohibition on opening the will

Title 8 Joint will

• Section 2265 — Joint will made by spouses
• Section 2266 — Joint emergency will
• Section 2267 — Joint holographic will
• Section 2268 — Effect of nullity or dissolution of marriage
• Section 2269 — Reciprocal appointment
• Section 2270 — Reciprocal dispositions
• Section 2271 — Revocation of reciprocal dispositions
• Section 2272 — Revocation of official custody
• Section 2273

Division 4 Contract of inheritance

• Section 2274 — Entering into contract in person
• Section 2275 — Prerequisites
• Section 2276 — Form
• Section 2277
• Section 2278 — Permissible contractual dispositions
• Section 2279 — Contractual gifts and burdens, application of section 2077
• Section 2280 — Application of section 2269
• Section 2281 — Avoidance by the testator
• Section 2282 — Representation, form of the avoidance
• Section 2283 — Period of avoidance
• Section 2284 — Confirmation
• Section 2285 — Avoidance by third parties
• Section 2286 — Dispositions inter vivos
• Section 2287 — Gifts adversely affecting the contractual heir
• Section 2288 — Prejudice to the legatee
• Section 2289 — Effect of the contract of inheritance on testamentary dispositions; application of section 2338
• Section 2290 — Cancellation by contract
• Section 2291 — Cancellation by will
• Section 2292 — Cancellation by joint will
• Section 2293 — Revocation in the event of reservation
• Section 2294 — Revocation in the event of the misconduct of the person provided for
• Section 2295 — Revocation in the event of the extinction of a mutual obligation
• Section 2296 — Representation, form of revocation
• Section 2297 — Revocation by will
• Section 2298 — Mutual contract of inheritance
• Section 2299 — Unilateral dispositions
• Section 2300 — Application of sections 2259 and 2263; removal from official or notarial custody
• Section 2300a
• Section 2301 — Promise of donation mortis causa
• Section 2302 — Unlimited testamentary freedom

Division 5 Compulsory share

• Section 2303 — Person entitled to a compulsory share of the estate; amount of the share
• Section 2304 — Rules of interpretation
• Section 2305 — Additional compulsory share
• Section 2306 — Limitations and charges
• Section 2307 — Bequest of a legacy
• Section 2308 — Avoidance of the disclaimer
• Section 2309 — Right of parents and remoter descendants to a compulsory share
• Section 2310 — Determination of the share of the inheritance for the calculation of the compulsory share
• Section 2311 — Value of the estate
• Section 2312 — Value of a farm
• Section 2313 — Taking account of conditional, uncertain or unsecured rights; duty of determination of the heir
• Section 2314 — Duty of the heir to provide information
• Section 2315 — Counting gifts towards the compulsory share
• Section 2316 — Duty to adjust advancements
• Section 2317 — Creation and transferability of the claim to a compulsory share
• Section 2318 — Burden of the compulsory share in the case of legacies and testamentary burdens
• Section 2319 — Person entitled to a compulsory share as co-heir
• Section 2320 — Compulsory share burden on the heir taking the place of the person entitled to a compulsory share
• Section 2321 — Compulsory share burden in the event of a disclaimer of a legacy
• Section 2322 — Reduction of legacies and testamentary burdens
• Section 2323 — Heir not charged with a compulsory share
• Section 2324 — Deviating directions by the testator concerning the compulsory share burden
• Section 2325 — Claim for the augmentation of compulsory shares in the event of gifts
• Section 2326 — Augmentation to more than half of the intestate portion
• Section 2327 — Receipt of gift by a person entitled to a compulsory share
• Section 2328 — Heir as person entitled to a compulsory share
• Section 2329 — Claim against the recipient of a gift
• Section 2330 — Gift arising from a moral duty
• Section 2331 — Gifts made from common matrimonial property
• Section 2331a — Deferral
• Section 2332 — Limitation
• Section 2333 — Deprivation of a compulsory share
• Section 2334
• Section 2335
• Section 2336 — Form, burden of proof and ineffectiveness of deprivation
• Section 2337 — Forgiveness
• Section 2338 — Limitation of the compulsory share

Division 6 Unworthiness to inherit

• Section 2339 — Grounds for unworthiness to inherit
• Section 2340 — Enforcement of the unworthiness to inherit by avoidance
• Section 2341 — Persons entitled to avoid
• Section 2342 — Action for avoidance
• Section 2343 — Forgiveness
• Section 2344 — Effect of a declaration of unworthiness to inherit
• Section 2345 — Unworthiness to receive a legacy; unworthiness to receive a compulsory share

Division 7 Renunciation of inheritance

• Section 2346 — Effect of the renunciation of inheritance, possibility of limitation
• Section 2347 — Personal requirements, representation
• Section 2348 — Form
• Section 2349 — Extension to descendants
• Section 2350 — Renunciation to the benefit of another
• Section 2351 — Revocation of a renunciation of the inheritance
• Section 2352 — Renunciation of gifts

Division 8 Certificate of inheritance

• Section 2353 — Competence of the probate court, application
• Section 2360
• Section 2361 — Revocation or declaration of invalidity of an inaccurate certificate of inheritance
• Section 2362 — Claim to surrender of the true heir and claim to information
• Section 2363 — Claim to surrender of the reversionary heir and of the executor
• Section 2364
• Section 2365 — Presumption of legitimacy of the certificate of inheritance
• Section 2366 — Presumption of legal force of a certificate of inheritance
• Section 2367 — Performance for the person named as heir in the certificate of inheritance
• Section 2368 — Executor’s certificate
• Section 2369
• Section 2370 — Presumption of legal force of a declaration of death

Division 9 Purchase of an inheritance

• Section 2371 — Form
• Section 2372 — Advantages due to purchaser
• Section 2373 — Parts remaining for the seller
• Section 2374 — Duty to surrender
• Section 2375 — Duty to compensate
• Section 2376 — Liability of the seller
• Section 2377 — Restoration of extinguished legal relationships
• Section 2378 — Obligations of the estate
• Section 2379 — Emoluments and charges prior to the sale
• Section 2380 — Devolution of the risk, emoluments and charges after the sale
• Section 2381 — Reimbursement of outlays and expenses
• Section 2382 — Liability of the purchaser in relation to the creditors of the estate
• Section 2383 — Scope of liability of the purchaser
• Section 2384 — The duty of notification of the seller towards the creditors of the estate, right of inspection
• Section 2385 — Application to similar contracts