[eu]cite

S

safe product

General Product Safety Regulation
any product which, under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use, including the actual duration of use, does not present any risk or only the minimum risks compatible with the product’s use, considered acceptable and consistent with a high level of protection of the health and safety of consumers

safety component 2 definitions

AI Act
a component of a product or of an AI system which fulfils a safety function for that product or AI system, or the failure or malfunctioning of which endangers the health and safety of persons or property
Machinery Regulation
a physical or digital component, including software, of a product within the scope of this Regulation, which is designed or intended to fulfil a safety function and which is independently placed on the market, the failure or malfunction of which endanger the safety of persons, but which is not necessary in order for that product to function or for which normal components may be substituted in order for that product to function

safety function

Machinery Regulation
a function that serves to fulfil a protective measure designed to eliminate, or, if that is not possible, to reduce, a risk, which, if it fails, could result in an increase of that risk

safety requirements

F-gas Regulation
requirements on the safety of using fluorinated greenhouse gases and natural refrigerants or products and equipment containing or relying on them, prohibiting the use of certain fluorinated greenhouse gases or their alternatives, including when contained in a product or in equipment at a specific place of intended utilisation due to site and application specificities that are set out in:

sale of business tool 2 definitions

BRRD
the mechanism for effecting a transfer by a resolution authority of shares or other instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution, or assets, rights or liabilities, of an institution under resolution to a purchaser that is not a bridge institution, in accordance with Article 38
SRM Regulation
the mechanism for effecting a transfer by a resolution authority of instruments of ownership issued by an institution under resolution, or assets, rights or liabilities of an institution under resolution, to a purchaser that is not a bridge institution, in accordance with Article 24

sales contract 3 definitions

Consumer ADR Directive
any contract under which the trader transfers or undertakes to transfer the ownership of goods to the consumer and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof, including any contract having as its object both goods and services
Consumer Rights Directive
any contract under which the trader transfers or undertakes to transfer the ownership of goods to the consumer and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof, including any contract having as its object both goods and services
Sale of Goods Directive
any contract under which the seller transfers or undertakes to transfer ownership of goods to a consumer, and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof

same service type

Data Act
a set of data processing services that share the same primary objective, data processing service model and main functionalities

sandbox plan

AI Act
a document agreed between the participating provider and the competent authority describing the objectives, conditions, timeframe, methodology and requirements for the activities carried out within the sandbox

scientific validity of an analyte

In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
the association of an analyte with a clinical condition or a physiological state

search results

Digital Markets Act
any information in any format, including textual, graphic, vocal or other outputs, returned in response to, and related to, a search query, irrespective of whether the information returned is a paid or an unpaid result, a direct answer or any product, service or information offered in connection with the organic results, or displayed along with or partly or entirely embedded in them

second Member State

Blue Card Directive (recast)
any Member State in which the EU Blue Card holder intends to exercise or exercises the right of mobility within the meaning of this Directive, other than the first Member State

secure processing environment

Data Governance Act
the physical or virtual environment and organisational means to ensure compliance with Union law, such as Regulation (EU) 2016/679, in particular with regard to data subjects’ rights, intellectual property rights, and commercial and statistical confidentiality, integrity and accessibility, as well as with applicable national law, and to allow the entity providing the secure processing environment to determine and supervise all data processing actions, including the display, storage, download and export of data and the calculation of derivative data through computational algorithms

secured lending transaction

CRR
any transaction giving rise to an exposure secured by collateral which does not include a provision conferring upon the institution the right to receive margin at least daily

secured liability

BRRD
a liability where the right of the creditor to payment or other form of performance is secured by a charge, pledge or lien, or collateral arrangements including liabilities arising from repurchase transactions and other title transfer collateral arrangements

securities 3 definitions

Prospectus Regulation
transferable securities as defined in point (44) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU with the exception of money market instruments as defined in point (17) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, having a maturity of less than 12 months
Takeover Bids Directive
transferable securities carrying voting rights in a company
Transparency Directive
transferable securities as defined in Article 4(1), point 18, of Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments (10) with the exception of money-market instruments, as defined in Article 4(1), point 19, of that Directive having a maturity of less than 12 months, for which national legislation may be applicable

securities account

CSDR
an account on which securities may be credited or debited

securities financing transaction

MiFID I Implementing Regulation
an instance of stock lending or stock borrowing or the lending or borrowing of other financial instruments, a repurchase or reverse repurchase transaction, or a buy-sell back or sell-buy back transaction.

securities issued in a continuous or repeated manner

Transparency Directive
debt securities of the same issuer on tap or at least two separate issues of securities of a similar type and/or class. 2. For the purposes of the definition of ‘controlled undertaking’ in paragraph 1(f)(ii), the holder's rights in relation to voting, appointment and removal shall include the rights of any other undertaking controlled by the shareholder and those of any natural person or legal entity acting, albeit in its own name, on behalf of the shareholder or of any other undertaking controlled by the shareholder. 3. In order to take account of technical developments on financial markets and to ensure the uniform application of paragraph 1, the Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 27(2), adopt implementing measures concerning the definitions set out in paragraph 1. The Commission shall, in particular:

securities settlement system

CSDR
a system under the first, second and third indents of point (a) of Article 2 of Directive 98/26/EC that is not operated by a central counterparty whose activity consists of the execution of transfer orders

securitisation 3 definitions

CRD IV
securitisation as defined in point (61) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
a transaction or scheme, whereby the credit risk associated with an exposure or pool of exposures is tranched, having both of the following characteristics:
Securitisation Regulation
a transaction or scheme, whereby the credit risk associated with an exposure or a pool of exposures is tranched, having all of the following characteristics:

securitisation position 3 definitions

CRD IV
securitisation position as defined in point (62) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
an exposure to a securitisation
Securitisation Regulation
an exposure to a securitisation

securitisation repository 2 definitions

DORA
a securitisation repository as defined in Article 2, point (23), of Regulation (EU) 2017/2402 of the European Parliament and of the Council (36)
Securitisation Regulation
a legal person that centrally collects and maintains the records of securitisations. For the purpose of Article 10 of this Regulation, references in Articles 61, 64, 65, 66, 73, 78, 79 and 80 of Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 to ‘trade repository’ shall be construed as references to ‘securitisation repository’.

securitisation special purpose entity

CRD IV
securitisation special purpose entity as defined in point (66) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013

security 2 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
both security of supply and provision of electricity, and technical safety
Gas Directive
both security of supply of natural gas and technical safety

security collateral arrangement

SFTR
a security financial collateral arrangement as defined in point (c) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2002/47/EC concluded between counterparties to secure any obligation

security financial collateral arrangement

Financial Collateral Arrangements Directive
an arrangement under which a collateral provider provides financial collateral by way of security in favour of, or to, a collateral taker, and where the full ownership of the financial collateral remains with the collateral provider when the security right is established

security incident

European Electronic Communications Code
an event having an actual adverse effect on the security of electronic communications networks or services.

security of electricity supply

Electricity Risk-Preparedness Regulation
the ability of an electricity system to guarantee the supply of electricity to customers with a clearly established level of performance, as determined by the Member States concerned

security of network and information systems 3 definitions

DORA
security of network and information systems as defined in Article 6, point 2, of Directive (EU) 2022/2555
NIS Directive
the ability of network and information systems to resist, at a given level of confidence, any action that compromises the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of stored or transmitted or processed data or the related services offered by, or accessible via, those network and information systems
NIS2 Directive
the ability of network and information systems to resist, at a given level of confidence, any event that may compromise the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of stored, transmitted or processed data or of the services offered by, or accessible via, those network and information systems

security of networks and services

European Electronic Communications Code
the ability of electronic communications networks and services to resist, at a given level of confidence, any action that compromises the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of those networks and services, of stored or transmitted or processed data, or of the related services offered by, or accessible via, those electronic communications networks or services

selected obliged entity

AMLA Regulation
a credit institution, a financial institution, or a group of credit institutions or financial institutions at the highest level of consolidation in the Union in accordance with applicable accounting standards, which is under direct supervision by the Authority pursuant to Article 13

self-contained

F-gas Regulation
a complete factory-made system which is in a suitable frame or casing, is fabricated and transported complete or in two or more sections, can contain isolation valves and in which no gas-containing parts are connected on site

self-dispatch model

Electricity Regulation (recast)
a scheduling and dispatching model where the generation schedules and consumption schedules as well as dispatching of power-generating facilities and demand facilities are determined by the scheduling agents of those facilities

self-hosted address

Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)
a self-hosted address as defined in Article 3, point (20), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1113

self-regulation measure

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
a voluntary agreement or a code of conduct, concluded by economic operators on their own initiative, which they are responsible for enforcing

self-regulatory body 2 definitions

Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)
a body that represents members of a profession and has a role in regulating them, in performing certain supervisory or monitoring functions and in ensuring the enforcement of the rules relating to them
Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD4)
a body that represents members of a profession and has a role in regulating them, in performing certain supervisory or monitoring type functions and in ensuring the enforcement of the rules relating to them

seller

Sale of Goods Directive
any natural person or any legal person, irrespective of whether privately or publicly owned, that is acting, including through any other person acting in that natural or legal person's name or on that person's behalf, for purposes relating to that person's trade, business, craft or profession, in relation to contracts covered by this Directive

semiconductor

Chips Act
one of the following:

semiconductor manufacturing

Chips Act
any of the stages of production and processing of semiconductor wafers, including substrate materials, front-end and back-end, necessary to deliver a finished semiconductor product

semiconductor supply chain

Chips Act
the system of activities, organisations, actors, technology, information, resources and services involved in the production of semiconductors, including raw and processed materials, such as gases, manufacturing equipment, design, including related software development, fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging

semiconductor value chain

Chips Act
the set of activities in relation to a semiconductor product from its conception to its end use, including raw and processed materials, such as gases, manufacturing equipment, research, development and innovation, design, including related software development, fabrication, testing, assembly and packaging to embedding and integration in end products, as well as end-of-life processes, such as reuse, disassembly and recycling

senior management 11 definitions

Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)
the members of the management body in its management function, as well as officers and employees with sufficient knowledge of the obliged entity’s money laundering and terrorist financing risk exposure and sufficient seniority to take decisions affecting its risk exposure
BRRD
senior management as defined in point (9) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU
CRD IV
those natural persons who exercise executive functions within an institution and who are responsible, and accountable to the management body, for the day-to-day management of the institution
CRR
senior management as defined in point (9) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU
CSDR
those natural persons who exercise executive functions within a CSD and who are responsible and accountable to the management body for the day-to-day management of that CSD. 2. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 67 concerning measures to further specify the non-banking-type ancillary services set out in points (1) to (4) of Section B of the Annex and the banking-type ancillary services set out in Section C of the Annex.
Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
the person or persons who effectively direct the business of the credit rating agency and the member or members of its administrative or supervisory board
EMIR
the person or persons who effectively direct the business of the CCP or the trade repository, and the executive member or members of the board.
Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD4)
an officer or employee with sufficient knowledge of the institution's money laundering and terrorist financing risk exposure and sufficient seniority to take decisions affecting its risk exposure, and need not, in all cases, be a member of the board of directors
Investment Firms Directive
senior management as defined in point (37) of Article 4(1) Directive 2014/65/EU
MiFID II
natural persons who exercise executive functions within an investment firm, a market operator or a data reporting services provider and who are responsible, and accountable to the management body, for the day-to-day management of the entity, including for the implementation of the policies concerning the distribution of services and products to clients by the firm and its personnel
MiFID Implementing Directive
the person or persons who effectively direct the business of the investment firm as referred to in Article 9(1) of Directive 2004/39/EC.

sensitive critical infrastructure protection related information

European Critical Infrastructures Directive
facts about a critical infrastructure, which if disclosed could be used to plan and act with a view to causing disruption or destruction of critical infrastructure installations

sensitive operational data

AI Act
operational data related to activities of prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences, the disclosure of which could jeopardise the integrity of criminal proceedings

sensitive payment data

PSD2
data, including personalised security credentials which can be used to carry out fraud. For the activities of payment initiation service providers and account information service providers, the name of the account owner and the account number do not constitute sensitive payment data

sensitivity analysis

Monitoring Mechanism Regulation
an investigation of a model algorithm or an assumption to quantify how sensitive or stable the model output data are in relation to variations in the input data or underlying assumptions. It is carried out by varying input values or model equations and by observing how the model output varies correspondingly

separate collection

Single-Use Plastics Directive
separate collection as defined in point 11 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC

serious adverse event 3 definitions

Clinical Trials Regulation
any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose requires inpatient hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, results in a congenital anomaly or birth defect, is life-threatening, or results in death
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
any adverse event that led to any of the following:
Medical Devices Regulation
any adverse event that led to any of the following:

serious incident 3 definitions

AI Act
an incident or malfunctioning of an AI system that directly or indirectly leads to any of the following:
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
any incident that directly or indirectly led, might have led or might lead to any of the following:
Medical Devices Regulation
any incident that directly or indirectly led, might have led or might lead to any of the following:

serious public health threat 2 definitions

In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
an event which could result in imminent risk of death, serious deterioration in a person's state of health, or serious illness, that may require prompt remedial action, and that may cause significant morbidity or mortality in humans, or that is unusual or unexpected for the given place and time
Medical Devices Regulation
an event which could result in imminent risk of death, serious deterioration in a person's state of health, or serious illness, that may require prompt remedial action, and that may cause significant morbidity or mortality in humans, or that is unusual or unexpected for the given place and time

serious risk

General Product Safety Regulation
a risk which, based on a risk assessment and taking into account the normal and foreseeable use of the product, is considered to require rapid intervention by the market surveillance authorities, including cases where the effects of the risk are not immediate

serious undesirable effect

Cosmetics Regulation
an undesirable effect which results in temporary or permanent functional incapacity, disability, hospitalisation, congenital anomalies or an immediate vital risk or death

service 4 definitions

European Accessibility Act
a service as defined in point 1 of Article 4 of Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (27)
European Standardisation Regulation
any self-employed economic activity normally provided for remuneration, as defined in Article 57 TFEU
Geo-blocking Regulation
any self-employed economic activity, normally provided for remuneration, as referred to in Article 57 TFEU
Rail Passengers' Rights Regulation (recast)
a passenger rail transport service that operates between rail stations according to a timetable, including transport services offered for re-routing

service contract 2 definitions

Consumer ADR Directive
any contract other than a sales contract under which the trader supplies or undertakes to supply a service to the consumer and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof
Consumer Rights Directive
any contract other than a sales contract under which the trader supplies or undertakes to supply a service to the consumer and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof

service contracts

Utilities Procurement Directive
contracts having as their object the provision of services other than those referred to in point 2

service facility

Single European Railway Area Directive
the installation, including ground area, building and equipment, which has been specially arranged, as a whole or in part, to allow the supply of one or more services referred to in points 2 to 4 of Annex II

service provider

European Accessibility Act
any natural or legal person who provides a service on the Union market or makes offers to provide such a service to consumers in the Union

servicer 2 definitions

CRR
an entity that manages a pool of purchased receivables or the underlying credit exposures on a day-to-day basis. 2. For the purposes of point (4)(b) of paragraph 1 of this Article, the Commission may adopt, by way of implementing acts, and subject to the examination procedure referred to in Article 464(2), a decision as to whether a third country applies supervisory and regulatory arrangements at least equivalent to those applied in the Union. In the absence of such a decision, until 1 January 2015, institutions may continue to apply the treatment set out in this paragraph to a third country where the relevant competent authorities had approved the third country as eligible for this treatment before 1 January 2014.
Securitisation Regulation
an entity that manages a pool of purchased receivables or the underlying credit exposures on a day-to-day basis

services concession

Concessions Directive
a contract for pecuniary interest concluded in writing by means of which one or more contracting authorities or contracting entities entrust the provision and the management of services other than the execution of works referred to in point (a) to one or more economic operators, the consideration of which consists either solely in the right to exploit the services that are the subject of the contract or in that right together with payment. The award of a works or services concession shall involve the transfer to the concessionaire of an operating risk in exploiting those works or services encompassing demand or supply risk or both. The concessionaire shall be deemed to assume operating risk where, under normal operating conditions, it is not guaranteed to recoup the investments made or the costs incurred in operating the works or the services which are the subject-matter of the concession. The part of the risk transferred to the concessionaire shall involve real exposure to the vagaries of the market, such that any potential estimated loss incurred by the concessionaire shall not be merely nominal or negligible

services of data cooperatives

Data Governance Act
data intermediation services offered by an organisational structure constituted by data subjects, one-person undertakings or SMEs who are members of that structure, having as its main objectives to support its members in the exercise of their rights with respect to certain data, including with regard to making informed choices before they consent to data processing, to exchange views on data processing purposes and conditions that would best represent the interests of its members in relation to their data, and to negotiate terms and conditions for data processing on behalf of its members before giving permission to the processing of non-personal data or before they consent to the processing of personal data

services providing access to audiovisual media services

European Accessibility Act
services transmitted by electronic communications networks which are used to identify, select, receive information on, and view audiovisual media services and any provided features, such as subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing, audio description, spoken subtitles and sign language interpretation, which result from the implementation of measures to make services accessible as referred to in Article 7 of Directive 2010/13/EU; and includes electronic programme guides (EPGs)

set-off arrangement

BRRD
an arrangement under which two or more claims or obligations owed between the institution under resolution and a counterparty can be set off against each other

SET-Plan

Energy Union Governance Regulation
the Strategic Energy Technology Plan as set out in the Commission communication of 15 September 2015, entitled, 'Towards an Integrated Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan: Accelerating the European Energy System Transformation'

settlement

CSDR
the completion of a securities transaction where it is concluded with the aim of discharging the obligations of the parties to that transaction through the transfer of cash or securities, or both

settlement agent

CSDR
settlement agent as defined in point (d) of Article 2 of Directive 98/26/EC

settlement fail

CSDR
the non-occurrence of settlement, or partial settlement of a securities transaction on the intended settlement date, due to a lack of securities or cash and regardless of the underlying cause

settlement internaliser

CSDR
any institution, including one authorised in accordance with Directive 2013/36/EU or with Directive 2014/65/EU, which executes transfer orders on behalf of clients or on its own account other than through a securities settlement system

settlement period

CSDR
the time period between the trade date and the intended settlement date

severe adverse impact

CSDDD
an adverse impact that is especially significant on account of its nature, such as an impact that entails harm to human life, health or liberty, or on account of its scale, scope or irremediable character, taking into account its gravity, including the number of individuals that are or may be affected, the extent to which the environment is or may be damaged or otherwise affected, its irreversibility and the limits on the ability to restore affected individuals or the environment to a situation equivalent to their situation prior to the impact within a reasonable period of time

severity of an adverse impact

CSDDD
the scale, scope or irremediable character of the adverse impact, taking into account the gravity of an adverse impact, including the number of individuals that are or may be affected, the extent to which the environment is or may be damaged or otherwise affected, its irreversibility and the limits on the ability to restore affected individuals or the environment to a situation equivalent to their situation prior to the impact within a reasonable period of time. 2. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 34 in order to amend the Annex to this Directive by:

Shared equity credit agreement

Mortgage Credit Directive
a credit agreement where the capital repayable is based on a contractually set percentage of the value of the immovable property at the time of the capital repayment or repayments.

shared use of radio spectrum

European Electronic Communications Code
access by two or more users to use the same radio spectrum bands under a defined sharing arrangement, authorised on the basis of a general authorisation, individual rights of use for radio spectrum or a combination thereof, including regulatory approaches such as licensed shared access aiming to facilitate the shared use of a radio spectrum band, subject to a binding agreement of all parties involved, in accordance with sharing rules as included in their rights of use for radio spectrum in order to guarantee to all users predictable and reliable sharing arrangements, and without prejudice to the application of competition law

shareholder

Transparency Directive
any natural person or legal entity governed by private or public law, who holds, directly or indirectly:

shareholders

BRRD
shareholders or holders of other instruments of ownership

shares

CSDR
securities specified in point (44)(a) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU

shell bank

Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD4)
a credit institution or financial institution, or an institution that carries out activities equivalent to those carried out by credit institutions and financial institutions, incorporated in a jurisdiction in which it has no physical presence, involving meaningful mind and management, and which is unaffiliated with a regulated financial group.

shutdown

Methane Regulation
a situation where a site or part of its components no longer operates under normal operating conditions and is shut down, and where complete or partial pressure reduction is required before repair or maintenance works can be initiated

signatory

eIDAS Regulation
a natural person who creates an electronic signature

significant benchmark

Benchmarks Regulation
a benchmark that fulfils the conditions laid down in Article 24(1)

significant branch

BRRD
a branch that would be considered to be significant in a host Member State in accordance with Article 51(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU

significant cyber threat 2 definitions

DORA
a cyber threat the technical characteristics of which indicate that it could have the potential to result in a major ICT-related incident or a major operational or security payment-related incident
NIS2 Directive
a cyber threat which, based on its technical characteristics, can be assumed to have the potential to have a severe impact on the network and information systems of an entity or the users of the entity’s services by causing considerable material or non-material damage

significant cybersecurity risk

Cyber Resilience Act
a cybersecurity risk which, based on its technical characteristics, can be assumed to have a high likelihood of an incident that could lead to a severe negative impact, including by causing considerable material or non-material loss or disruption

significant distribution

Market Abuse Regulation
an initial or secondary offer of securities that is distinct from ordinary trading both in terms of the amount in value of the securities to be offered and the selling method to be employed

simple repurchase agreement

CRR
a repurchase transaction of a single asset, or of similar, non-complex assets, as opposed to a basket of assets

simultaneous electricity crisis

Electricity Risk-Preparedness Regulation
an electricity crisis affecting more than one Member State at the same time

single-use device 2 definitions

In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
a device that is intended to be used during a single procedure
Medical Devices Regulation
a device that is intended to be used on one individual during a single procedure

single-use plastic product

Single-Use Plastics Directive
a product that is made wholly or partly from plastic and that is not conceived, designed or placed on the market to accomplish, within its life span, multiple trips or rotations by being returned to a producer for refill or re-used for the same purpose for which it was conceived

sink

LULUCF Regulation
any process, activity or mechanism that removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol, or a precursor to a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere

site

Methane Regulation
a collection of components with some relation to one another as a subdivision of an asset

site-level measurement

Methane Regulation
a measurement which captures a complete overview of all site-level methane emissions, including, for a pipeline network, emissions from segments of such a network, and typically involves the use of sensors mounted on a mobile platform, such as a vehicle, a drone, an aircraft, a boat or a satellite, or the use of other means, such as fixed sensors or continuous point sensor networks

site-level methane emissions

Methane Regulation
all sources of methane emissions within a site

small and non-interconnected investment firm

DORA
an investment firm that meets the conditions laid out in Article 12(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 of the European Parliament and of the Council (33)

small connected system 2 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
any system that had consumption of less than 3 000 GWh in the year 1996, where more than 5 % of annual consumption is obtained through interconnection with other systems
Electricity Regulation (recast)
small connected system as defined in point (43) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/944

small enterprise 4 definitions

DORA
a financial entity that employs 10 or more persons, but fewer than 50 persons, and has an annual turnover and/or annual balance sheet total that exceeds EUR 2 million, but does not exceed EUR 10 million
Data Act
a small enterprise as defined in Article 2(2) of the Annex to Recommendation 2003/361/EC
Electricity Market Directive (recast)
an enterprise which employs fewer than 50 persons and whose annual turnover and/or annual balance sheet total does not exceed EUR 10 million
Electricity Regulation (recast)
small enterprise as defined in point (7) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/944

small institution for occupational retirement provision

DORA
an institution for occupational retirement provision which operates pension schemes which together have less than 100 members in total

small isolated system 2 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
any system that had consumption of less than 3 000 GWh in the year 1996, where less than 5 % of annual consumption is obtained through interconnection with other systems
Electricity Regulation (recast)
small isolated system as defined in point (42) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/944

small mid-cap

Chips Act
small mid-cap as defined in Article 2, point (20), of Regulation (EU) 2021/695

small-area wireless access point

European Electronic Communications Code
low-power wireless network access equipment of a small size operating within a small range, using licenced radio spectrum or licence-exempt radio spectrum or a combination thereof, which may be used as part of a public electronic communications network, which may be equipped with one or more low visual impact antennae, and which allows wireless access by users to electronic communications networks regardless of the underlying network topology, be it mobile or fixed

small-scale cogeneration unit

Energy Efficiency Directive
a cogeneration unit with installed capacity below 1 MWe

smart contract

Data Act
a computer program used for the automated execution of an agreement or part thereof, using a sequence of electronic data records and ensuring their integrity and the accuracy of their chronological ordering

smart grid

TEN-E Regulation
an electricity network that can integrate in a cost efficient manner the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it, including generators, consumers and those that both generate and consume, in order to ensure an economically efficient and sustainable power system with low losses and high levels of quality, security of supply and safety

smart metering system 2 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
an electronic system that is capable of measuring electricity fed into the grid or electricity consumed from the grid, providing more information than a conventional meter, and that is capable of transmitting and receiving data for information, monitoring and control purposes, using a form of electronic communication
Electricity Regulation (recast)
smart metering system as defined in point (23) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/944

SME 2 definitions

CSDDD
a micro, small or a medium-sized undertaking, irrespective of its legal form, that is not part of a large group, as those terms are defined according to Article 3(1), (2), (3) and (7) of Directive 2013/34/EU
Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
a micro, small or medium-sized enterprise as defined in Article 2 of the Annex to Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC (24)

SME growth market 4 definitions

CSDR
an SME growth market as defined in point (12) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
Market Abuse Regulation
SME growth market as defined in point (12) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
MiFID II
a MTF that is registered as an SME growth market in accordance with Article 33
Prospectus Regulation
an SME growth market as defined in point (12) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU

SMS message

Roaming Regulation (recast)
a Short Message Service text message, composed principally of alphabetical and/or numerical characters, capable of being sent between mobile and/or fixed numbers assigned in accordance with national numbering plans

social networking services platform

NIS2 Directive
a platform that enables end-users to connect, share, discover and communicate with each other across multiple devices, in particular via chats, posts, videos and recommendations

software

Cyber Resilience Act
the part of an electronic information system which consists of computer code

software application

Digital Markets Act
any digital product or service that runs on an operating system

software application stores

Digital Markets Act
a type of online intermediation services, which is focused on software applications as the intermediated product or service

software bill of materials

Cyber Resilience Act
a formal record containing details and supply chain relationships of components included in the software elements of a product with digital elements

soil

EU Taxonomy Regulation
the top layer of the Earth’s crust situated between the bedrock and the surface, which is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms

soil-related crop cultivation

Organic Farming Regulation
production in living soil or in soil that is mixed or fertilised with materials and products that are allowed in organic production in connection with the subsoil and bedrock

sophisticated investor

Crowdfunding Regulation
any natural or legal person who is a professional client by virtue of point (1), (2), (3) or (4) of Section I of Annex II to Directive 2014/65/EU or any natural or legal person who has the approval of the crowdfunding service provider to be treated as a sophisticated investor in accordance with the criteria and the procedure laid down in Annex II to this Regulation

source 2 definitions

LULUCF Regulation
any process, activity or mechanism that releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor to a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere
Methane Regulation
a component or a geological structure that releases methane into the atmosphere whether intentionally or unintentionally, intermittently or persistently

source code

Machinery Regulation
the currently installed version of the software of a product within the scope of this Regulation, written in a programming language so that it is unambiguous and understandable to humans

sourcing area

Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
the geographically defined area from which the forest biomass feedstock is sourced, from which reliable and independent information is available and where conditions are sufficiently homogeneous to evaluate the risk of the sustainability and legality characteristics of the forest biomass

sovereign credit default swap

Short Selling Regulation
a credit default swap where a payment or other benefit will be paid in the case of a credit event or default relating to a sovereign issuer

sovereign debt 3 definitions

MiFID II
a debt instrument issued by a sovereign issuer
MiFIR
sovereign debt as defined in Article 4(1)(61) of Directive 2014/65/EU
Short Selling Regulation
a debt instrument issued by a sovereign issuer

sovereign issuer 2 definitions

MiFID II
any of the following that issues debt instruments:
Short Selling Regulation
any of the following that issues debt instruments:

special categories of personal data

AI Act
the categories of personal data referred to in Article 9(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2016/680 and Article 10(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725

special purpose vehicle 2 definitions

Reinsurance Directive
any undertaking, whether incorporated or not, other than an existing insurance or reinsurance undertaking, which assumes risks from insurance or reinsurance undertakings and which fully funds its exposure to such risks through the proceeds of a debt issuance or some other financing mechanism where the repayment rights of the providers of such debt or other financing mechanism are subordinated to the reinsurance obligations of such a vehicle
Solvency II Directive
any undertaking, whether incorporated or not, other than an existing insurance or reinsurance undertaking, which assumes risks from insurance or reinsurance undertakings and which fully funds its exposure to such risks through the proceeds of a debt issuance or any other financing mechanism where the repayment rights of the providers of such debt or financing mechanism are subordinated to the reinsurance obligations of such an undertaking

special right

Concessions Directive
a right granted by a competent authority of a Member State by means of any law, regulation or published administrative provision which is compatible with the Treaties the effect of which is to limit the exercise of an activity to two or more economic operators and which substantially affects the ability of other economic operators to carry out such an activity

specific balancing product

Electricity Regulation (recast)
a balancing product different from a standard balancing product

Specific Directives

Framework Directive (electronic communications)
Directive 2002/20/EC (Authorisation Directive), Directive 2002/19/EC (Access Directive), Directive 2002/22/EC (Universal Service Directive) and Directive 97/66/EC

specific emission factor

Methane Regulation
an emission factor for a type of emission source which is derived from direct measurements

specification 2 definitions

ITS Directive
a binding measure laying down provisions containing requirements, procedures or any other relevant rules
NIS Directive
a technical specification within the meaning of point (4) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012

specimen receptacle

In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
a device, whether of a vacuum-type or not, specifically intended by its manufacturer for the primary containment and preservation of specimens derived from the human body for the purpose of in vitro diagnostic examination

speculative immovable property financing

CRR
loans for the purposes of the acquisition of or development or construction on land in relation to immovable property, or of and in relation to such property, with the intention of reselling for profit

split system

F-gas Regulation
a system consisting of a number of refrigerant piped units that form a separate but interconnected unit, requiring the installation and connection of refrigerant circuit components at the point of use

sponsor 6 definitions

CRD IV
sponsor as defined in point (14) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
an institution other than an originator institution that establishes and manages an asset-backed commercial paper programme or other securitisation scheme that purchases exposures from third-party entities
Clinical Trials Regulation
an individual, company, institution or organisation which takes responsibility for the initiation, for the management and for setting up the financing of the clinical trial
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
any individual, company, institution or organisation which takes responsibility for the initiation, for the management and setting up of the financing of the performance study
Medical Devices Regulation
any individual, company, institution or organisation which takes responsibility for the initiation, for the management and setting up of the financing of the clinical investigation
Securitisation Regulation
a credit institution, whether located in the Union or not, as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, or an investment firm as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU other than an originator, that:

sponsoring undertaking

IORP II
any undertaking or other body, regardless of whether it includes or consists of one or more legal or natural persons, which acts as an employer or in a self-employed capacity or any combination thereof and which offers a pension scheme or pays contributions to an IORP

spot commodity contract

Market Abuse Regulation
a contract for the supply of a commodity traded on a spot market which is promptly delivered when the transaction is settled, and a contract for the supply of a commodity that is not a financial instrument, including a physically settled forward contract

spot market

Market Abuse Regulation
a commodity market in which commodities are sold for cash and promptly delivered when the transaction is settled, and other non-financial markets, such as forward markets for commodities

stabilisation

Market Abuse Regulation
a purchase or offer to purchase securities, or a transaction in associated instruments equivalent thereto, which is undertaken by a credit institution or an investment firm in the context of a significant distribution of such securities exclusively for supporting the market price of those securities for a predetermined period of time, due to a selling pressure in such securities.

staff of the EPPO

EPPO Regulation
the personnel at the central level who supports the College, the Permanent Chambers, the European Chief Prosecutor, the European Prosecutors, the European Delegated Prosecutors and the Administrative Director in the day-to-day activities in the performance of the tasks of this Office under this Regulation

stage of production, preparation and distribution

Organic Farming Regulation
any stage from the primary production of an organic product through its storage, processing, transport, and sale or supply to the final consumer, including, where relevant, labelling, advertising, import, export and subcontracting activities

stake-building

Market Abuse Regulation
an acquisition of securities in a company which does not trigger a legal or regulatory obligation to make an announcement of a takeover bid in relation to that company

stakeholders

CSDDD
the company’s employees, the employees of its subsidiaries, trade unions and workers’ representatives, consumers and other individuals, groupings, communities or entities whose rights or interests are or could be affected by the products, services and operations of the company, its subsidiaries and its business partners, including the employees of the company’s business partners and their trade unions and workers’ representatives, national human rights and environmental institutions, civil society organisations whose purposes include the protection of the environment, and the legitimate representatives of those individuals, groupings, communities or entities

standard 6 definitions

Critical Entities Resilience Directive
a standard as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (30)
Cybersecurity Act
a standard as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012
European Standardisation Regulation
a technical specification, adopted by a recognised standardisation body, for repeated or continuous application, with which compliance is not compulsory, and which is one of the following:
ITS Directive
standard as defined in Article 1(6) of Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations (16).
NIS Directive
a standard within the meaning of point (1) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012
NIS2 Directive
a standard as defined in Article 2, point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (29)

standard balancing product

Electricity Regulation (recast)
a harmonised balancing product defined by all transmission system operators for the exchange of balancing services

standard link

CSDR
a CSD link whereby a CSD becomes a participant in the securities settlement system of another CSD under the same terms and conditions as applicable to any other participant in the securities settlement system operated by the latter

starch-rich crops 2 definitions

Energy Union Governance Regulation
starch-rich crops as defined in point (39) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
crops comprising mainly cereals, regardless of whether the grains alone or the whole plant, such as in the case of green maize, are used; tubers and root crops, such as potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes, cassava and yams; and corm crops, such as taro and cocoyam

Start of a clinical trial

Clinical Trials Regulation
the first act of recruitment of a potential subject for a specific clinical trial, unless defined differently in the protocol

start of the package

Package Travel Directive
the beginning of the performance of travel services included in the package

state of charge

Batteries Regulation
the available energy in a battery expressed as a percentage of its rated capacity as declared by the manufacturer

state of health

Batteries Regulation
a measure of the general condition of a rechargeable battery and its ability to deliver the specified performance compared with its initial condition

station

Rail Passengers' Rights Regulation (recast)
a location on a railway where a rail passenger service can start, stop or end.

station manager

Rail Passengers' Rights Regulation (recast)
an organisational entity in a Member State, which has been made responsible for the management of one or more railway stations and which may be the infrastructure manager

stationary

F-gas Regulation
not normally in transit during operation and covers room air conditioning equipment which is moveable between rooms

stationary battery energy storage system

Batteries Regulation
an industrial battery with internal storage that is specifically designed to store from and deliver electric energy to the grid or store for and deliver electric energy to end-users, regardless of where and by whom the battery is being used

statutory interest for late payment

Late Payment Directive
simple interest for late payment at a rate which is equal to the sum of the reference rate and at least eight percentage points

statutory minimum wage

Adequate Minimum Wages Directive
a minimum wage set by law or other binding legal provisions, with the exclusion of minimum wages set by collective agreements that have been declared universally applicable without any discretion of the declaring authority as to the content of the applicable provisions

storage facility

Gas Directive
a facility used for the stocking of natural gas and owned and/or operated by a natural gas undertaking, including the part of LNG facilities used for storage but excluding the portion used for production operations, and excluding facilities reserved exclusively for transmission system operators in carrying out their functions

storage siding

Single European Railway Area Directive
sidings specifically dedicated to temporary parking of railway vehicles between two assignments

storage system operator

Gas Directive
a natural or legal person who carries out the function of storage and is responsible for operating a storage facility

Strategic Partnership

Critical Raw Materials Act
a commitment between the Union and a third country or an overseas country or territory to increase cooperation related to the raw materials value chain that is established through a non-binding instrument setting out actions of mutual interest, which facilitate beneficial outcomes for both the Union and the relevant third country or overseas countries or territories

strategic stock

Critical Raw Materials Act
a quantity of a particular raw material in whichever form that is stored by a public or private operator with a view to releasing it in the event of a supply disruption

strategic technologies

Critical Raw Materials Act
the key technologies instrumental for the green and digital transitions as well as for defence and aerospace applications

strong customer authentication

PSD2
an authentication based on the use of two or more elements categorised as knowledge (something only the user knows), possession (something only the user possesses) and inherence (something the user is) that are independent, in that the breach of one does not compromise the reliability of the others, and is designed in such a way as to protect the confidentiality of the authentication data

structural congestion

Electricity Regulation (recast)
congestion in the transmission system that is capable of being unambiguously defined, is predictable, is geographically stable over time, and frequently reoccurs under normal electricity system conditions

structured deposit 3 definitions

MiCA
a structured deposit as defined in Article 4(1), point (43), of Directive 2014/65/EU. 2. The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 139 to supplement this Regulation by further specifying technical elements of the definitions laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article, and to adjust those definitions to market developments and technological developments.
MiFID II
a deposit as defined in point (c) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (46), which is fully repayable at maturity on terms under which interest or a premium will be paid or is at risk, according to a formula involving factors such as:
MiFIR
a structured deposit as defined in Article 4(1)(43) of Directive 2014/65/EU

structured finance instrument

Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
a financial instrument or other assets resulting from a securitisation transaction or scheme referred to in Article 4(36) of Directive 2006/48/EC

structured finance products 2 definitions

MiFID II
structured finance products as defined in Article 2(1)(28) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014
MiFIR
those securities created to securitise and transfer credit risk associated with a pool of financial assets entitling the security holder to receive regular payments that depend on the cash flow from the underlying assets

studies

TEN-E Regulation
activities needed to prepare project implementation, such as preparatory, feasibility, evaluation, testing and validation studies, including software, and any other technical support measure including prior action to define and develop a project and decide on its financing, such as reconnaissance of the sites concerned and preparation of the financial package

sub-central contracting authorities

Public Procurement Directive
all contracting authorities which are not central government authorities

sub-consolidated basis 2 definitions

CRD IV
sub-consolidated basis as defined in point (49) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
on the basis of the consolidated situation of a parent institution, financial holding company or mixed financial holding company, excluding a sub-group of entities, or on the basis of the consolidated situation of a parent institution, financial holding company or mixed financial holding company that is not the ultimate parent institution, financial holding company or mixed financial holding company

subgroup

Electricity Risk-Preparedness Regulation
a group of Member States, within a region, which have the technical ability to provide each other assistance in accordance with Article 15

subject 3 definitions

Clinical Trials Regulation
an individual who participates in a clinical trial, either as recipient of an investigational medicinal product or as a control
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
an individual who participates in a performance study and whose specimen(s) undergo in vitro examination by a device for performance study and/or by a device used for control purposes
Medical Devices Regulation
an individual who participates in a clinical investigation

submitter

Benchmarks Regulation
a natural person employed by the contributor for the purpose of contributing input data

subscriber

Framework Directive (electronic communications)
any natural person or legal entity who or which is party to a contract with the provider of publicly available electronic communications services for the supply of such services

subsidiary 12 definitions

BRRD
a subsidiary as defined in point (16) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
Batteries Regulation
a legal person through which the activity of a controlled undertaking within the meaning of Article 2(1), point (f), of Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (44) is exercised
CRD IV
subsidiary as defined in point (16) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CSDDD
a legal person, as defined in Article 2, point (10), of Directive 2013/34/EU, and a legal person through which the activity of a controlled undertaking, as defined in Article 2(1), point (f), of Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (46), is exercised
CSDR
a subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Article 2(10) and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU
DORA
a subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Article 2, point (10), and Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU
EMIR
a subsidiary undertaking as described in Articles 1 and 2 of Directive 83/349/EEC, including a subsidiary of a subsidiary undertaking of an ultimate parent undertaking
Investment Firms Directive
a subsidiary as defined in point (33) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
Investment Firms Regulation
a subsidiary undertaking as defined in point (10) of Article 2 and within the meaning of Article 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU, including any subsidiary of a subsidiary undertaking of an ultimate parent undertaking
MiFID II
a subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Articles 2(10) and 22 of Directive 2013/34/EU, including any subsidiary of a subsidiary undertaking of an ultimate parent undertaking
Reinsurance Directive
a subsidiary undertaking as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of Directive 83/349/EEC
SRM Regulation
a subsidiary as defined in Article 4(1)(16) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013

subsidiary undertaking 2 definitions

Accounting Directive
an undertaking controlled by a parent undertaking, including any subsidiary undertaking of an ultimate parent undertaking
Solvency II Directive
any subsidiary undertaking within the meaning of Article 1 of Directive 83/349/EEC, including subsidiaries thereof

substance

Cosmetics Regulation
a chemical element and its compounds in the natural state or obtained by any manufacturing process, including any additive necessary to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process used but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition

substance of concern

substantial connection to the Union

Digital Services Act
a connection of a provider of intermediary services with the Union resulting either from its establishment in the Union or from specific factual criteria, such as: — a significant number of recipients of the service in one or more Member States in relation to its or their population; or — the targeting of activities towards one or more Member States

substantial modification 4 definitions

AI Act
a change to an AI system after its placing on the market or putting into service which is not foreseen or planned in the initial conformity assessment carried out by the provider and as a result of which the compliance of the AI system with the requirements set out in Chapter III, Section 2 is affected or results in a modification to the intended purpose for which the AI system has been assessed
Clinical Trials Regulation
any change to any aspect of the clinical trial which is made after notification of a decision referred to in Articles 8, 14, 19, 20 or 23 and which is likely to have a substantial impact on the safety or rights of the subjects or on the reliability and robustness of the data generated in the clinical trial
Cyber Resilience Act
a change to the product with digital elements following its placing on the market, which affects the compliance of the product with digital elements with the essential cybersecurity requirements set out in Part I of Annex I or which results in a modification to the intended purpose for which the product with digital elements has been assessed
Machinery Regulation
a modification of machinery or a related product, by physical or digital means after that machinery or related product has been placed on the market or put into service, which is not foreseen or planned by the manufacturer, and which affects the safety of that machinery or related product, by creating a new hazard, or by increasing an existing risk, which requires:

substantial refurbishment

Energy Efficiency Directive
a refurbishment whose cost exceeds 50 % of the investment cost for a new comparable unit

substantiated concern

Deforestation Regulation
a duly reasoned claim based on objective and verifiable information regarding non-compliance with this Regulation and which could require the intervention of competent authorities

sufficient quality of habitat

Nature Restoration Law
the quality of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range, contributing to reaching or maintaining favourable conservation status for a species listed in Annex II, IV or V to Directive 92/43/EEC and securing populations of wild bird species covered by Directive 2009/147/EC and, in addition, in marine ecosystems, contributing to achieving or maintaining good environmental status

sufficient quantity of habitat

Nature Restoration Law
the quantity of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range, contributing to reaching or maintaining favourable conservation status for a species listed in Annex II, IV or V to Directive 92/43/EEC and securing populations of wild bird species covered by Directive 2009/147/EC and, in addition, in marine ecosystems, contributing to achieving or maintaining good environmental status

super-emitting event

Methane Regulation
an event occurring within or outside the Union where a source or a set of closely connected sources in a site emits above 100 kg of methane per hour

supervised contributor

Benchmarks Regulation
a supervised entity that contributes input data to an administrator located in the Union

supervised entity

Benchmarks Regulation
any of the following:

supervisor

Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)
the body entrusted with responsibilities aimed at ensuring compliance by obliged entities with the requirements of this Regulation, including AMLA when performing the tasks entrusted to it in Article 5(2) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1620

supervisory authorities

Solvency II Directive
the supervisory authorities of the home Member State

supervisory authority 5 definitions

Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR)
a supervisor who is a public body, or the public authority overseeing self-regulatory bodies in their performance of supervisory functions pursuant to Article 37 of Directive (EU) 2024/1640, or AMLA when acting as a supervisor
EPPO Regulation
an independent public authority which is established by a Member State of the European Union pursuant to Article 51 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council (19) or pursuant to Article 41 of Directive (EU) 2016/680
GDPR
an independent public authority which is established by a Member State pursuant to Article 51
Law Enforcement Directive
an independent public authority which is established by a Member State pursuant to Article 41
Solvency II Directive
the national authority or the national authorities empowered by law or regulation to supervise insurance or reinsurance undertakings

supervisory authority concerned

GDPR
a supervisory authority which is concerned by the processing of personal data because:

supervisory college

BRRD
a college of supervisors established in accordance with Article 116 of Directive 2013/36/EU

supervisory formula method

CRR
the method of calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts for securitisation positions in accordance with Article 262

supplier

Distance Marketing of Financial Services Directive
any natural or legal person, public or private, who, acting in his commercial or professional capacity, is the contractual provider of services subject to distance contracts

supply 3 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
the sale, including the resale, of electricity to customers
Electricity Regulation (recast)
supply as defined in point (12) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/944
Gas Directive
the sale, including resale, of natural gas, including LNG, to customers

supply chain

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
all upstream activities and processes of the product’s value chain, up to the point where the product reaches the customer

supply contracts

Utilities Procurement Directive
contracts having as their object the purchase, lease, rental or hire-purchase, with or without an option to buy, of products. A supply contract may include, as an incidental matter, siting and installation operations

supply disruption

Critical Raw Materials Act
the unexpected significant decrease in the availability of a raw material or significant increase in the price of a raw material beyond normal market price volatility

supply risk

Critical Raw Materials Act
supply risk as calculated in line with Annex II, Section 2

supply undertaking

Gas Directive
any natural or legal person who carries out the function of supply

supply, works and service contracts

Utilities Procurement Directive
contracts for pecuniary interest concluded in writing between one or more contracting entities and one or more economic operators and having as their object the execution of works, the supply of products or the provision of services

support period

Cyber Resilience Act
the period during which a manufacturer is required to ensure that vulnerabilities of a product with digital elements are handled effectively and in accordance with the essential cybersecurity requirements set out in Part II of Annex I

support scheme 2 definitions

Energy Union Governance Regulation
support scheme as defined in point (5) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied by a Member State, or a group of Member States, that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy, increasing the price at which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise, the volume of such energy purchased, including but not restricted to, investment aid, tax exemptions or reductions, tax refunds, renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates, and direct price support schemes including feed-in tariffs and sliding or fixed premium payments

surface coal mine

Methane Regulation
a coal mine where coal lies near the surface and can be extracted by removing the covering layers of rock and soil

surface water

EU Taxonomy Regulation
surface water as defined in point 1 of Article 2 of Directive 2000/60/EC

surrender

CBAM Regulation
offsetting of CBAM certificates against the declared embedded emissions in imported goods or against the embedded emissions in imported goods that should have been declared

Suspension of a clinical trial

Clinical Trials Regulation
interruption of the conduct of a clinical trial by a Member State

sustainability factors

SFDR
environmental, social and employee matters, respect for human rights, anti‐corruption and anti‐bribery matters.

sustainability risk

SFDR
an environmental, social or governance event or condition that, if it occurs, could cause an actual or a potential material negative impact on the value of the investment

sustainable alternative fuels

Net-Zero Industry Act
sustainable aviation fuels, synthetic low- carbon aviation fuels or hydrogen for aviation as defined in Article 3, point (7), (13) or (17) of Regulation (EU) 2023/2405 destined for the aviation sector or fuels destined for the maritime sector as identified in accordance with criteria defined in Article 10(1) and (2) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1805

sustainable investment

SFDR
an investment in an economic activity that contributes to an environmental objective, as measured, for example, by key resource efficiency indicators on the use of energy, renewable energy, raw materials, water and land, on the production of waste, and greenhouse gas emissions, or on its impact on biodiversity and the circular economy, or an investment in an economic activity that contributes to a social objective, in particular an investment that contributes to tackling inequality or that fosters social cohesion, social integration and labour relations, or an investment in human capital or economically or socially disadvantaged communities, provided that such investments do not significantly harm any of those objectives and that the investee companies follow good governance practices, in particular with respect to sound management structures, employee relations, remuneration of staff and tax compliance

switching

Data Act
the process involving a source provider of data processing services, a customer of a data processing service and, where relevant, a destination provider of data processing services, whereby the customer of a data processing service changes from using one data processing service to using another data processing service of the same service type, or other service, offered by a different provider of data processing services, or to an on-premises ICT infrastructure, including through extracting, transforming and uploading the data

switching charges

Data Act
charges, other than standard service fees or early termination penalties, imposed by a provider of data processing services on a customer for the actions mandated by this Regulation for switching to the system of a different provider or to on-premises ICT infrastructure, including data egress charges

switching-related fee

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
a charge or penalty for changing suppliers or market participants engaged in aggregation, including contract termination fees, that is directly or indirectly imposed on customers by suppliers, market participants engaged in aggregation or system operators

synthetic holding

CRR
an investment by an institution in a financial instrument the value of which is directly linked to the value of the capital instruments issued by a financial sector entity

synthetic securitisation 2 definitions

CRR
a securitisation where the transfer of risk is achieved by the use of credit derivatives or guarantees, and the exposures being securitised remain exposures of the originator institution
Securitisation Regulation
a securitisation where the transfer of risk is achieved by the use of credit derivatives or guarantees, and the exposures being securitised remain exposures of the originator

system 2 definitions

Gas Directive
any transmission networks, distribution networks, LNG facilities and/or storage facilities owned and/or operated by a natural gas undertaking, including linepack and its facilities supplying ancillary services and those of related undertakings necessary for providing access to transmission, distribution and LNG
Medical Devices Regulation
a combination of products, either packaged together or not, which are intended to be inter-connected or combined to achieve a specific medical purpose

system for policies and measures and projections 2 definitions

Energy Union Governance Regulation
a system of institutional, legal and procedural arrangements established for reporting policies and measures and projections relating to anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases and to the energy system, inter alia as required by Article 39
Monitoring Mechanism Regulation
a system of institutional, legal and procedural arrangements established for reporting policies and measures and projections of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol as required by Article 12 of this Regulation

system user 3 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
a natural or legal person who supplies to, or is supplied by, a transmission system or a distribution system
Electricity Regulation (recast)
system user as defined in point (36) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2019/944
Gas Directive
a natural or legal person supplying to, or being supplied by, the system

systematic internaliser 2 definitions

MiFID II
an investment firm which, on an organised, frequent systematic and substantial basis, deals on own account when executing client orders outside a regulated market, an MTF or an OTF without operating a multilateral system; The frequent and systematic basis shall be measured by the number of OTC trades in the financial instrument carried out by the investment firm on own account when executing client orders. The substantial basis shall be measured either by the size of the OTC trading carried out by the investment firm in relation to the total trading of the investment firm in a specific financial instrument or by the size of the OTC trading carried out by the investment firm in relation to the total trading in the Union in a specific financial instrument. The definition of a systematic internaliser shall apply only where the pre-set limits for a frequent and systematic basis and for a substantial basis are both crossed or where an investment firm chooses to opt-in under the systematic internaliser regime
MiFIR
a systematic internaliser as defined in Article 4(1)(20) of Directive 2014/65/EU

systemic crisis

BRRD
a disruption in the financial system with the potential to have serious negative consequences for the internal market and the real economy. All types of financial intermediaries, markets and infrastructure may be potentially systemically important to some degree

systemic risk 5 definitions

AI Act
a risk that is specific to the high-impact capabilities of general-purpose AI models, having a significant impact on the Union market due to their reach, or due to actual or reasonably foreseeable negative effects on public health, safety, public security, fundamental rights, or the society as a whole, that can be propagated at scale across the value chain
CRD IV
a risk of disruption in the financial system with the potential to have serious negative consequences for the financial system and the real economy
CRR
systemic risk as defined in point (10) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU
ESRB Regulation
a risk of disruption in the financial system with the potential to have serious negative consequences for the internal market and the real economy. All types of financial intermediaries, markets and infrastructure may be potentially systemically important to some degree.
Investment Firms Directive
systemic risk as defined in point (10) of Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/36/EU

systemic risk buffer

CRD IV
the own funds that an institution is or may be required to maintain in accordance with Article 133

systemically important institution

CRD IV
an EU parent institution, an EU parent financial holding company, an EU parent mixed financial holding company or an institution the failure or malfunction of which could lead to systemic risk