For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:
(1)
‘distributed ledger technology’ or ‘DLT’ means a technology that enables the operation and use of distributed ledgers;
(2)
‘distributed ledger’ means an information repository that keeps records of transactions and that is shared across, and synchronised between, a set of DLT network nodes using a consensus mechanism;
(3)
‘consensus mechanism’ means the rules and procedures by which an agreement is reached, among DLT network nodes, that a transaction is validated;
(4)
‘DLT network node’ means a device or process that is part of a network and that holds a complete or partial replica of records of all transactions on a distributed ledger;
(5)
‘DLT market infrastructure’ means a DLT multilateral trading facility, a DLT settlement system or a DLT trading and settlement system;
(6)
‘DLT multilateral trading facility’ or ‘DLT MTF’ means a multilateral trading facility that only admits to trading DLT financial instruments;
(7)
‘DLT settlement system’ or ‘DLT SS’ means a settlement system that settles transactions in DLT financial instruments against payment or against delivery, irrespective of whether that settlement system has been designated and notified in accordance with Directive 98/26/EC, and that allows the initial recording of DLT financial instruments or allows the provision of safekeeping services in relation to DLT financial instruments;
(8)
‘settlement’ means settlement as defined in Article 2(1), point (7), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;
(9)
‘settlement fail’ means settlement fail as defined in Article 2(1), point (15), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;
(10)
‘DLT trading and settlement system’ or ‘DLT TSS’ means a DLT MTF or DLT SS that combines services performed by a DLT MTF and a DLT SS;
(11)
‘DLT financial instrument’ means a financial instrument that is issued, recorded, transferred and stored using distributed ledger technology;
(12)
‘financial instrument’ means a financial instrument as defined in Article 4(1), point (15), of Directive 2014/65/EU;
(13)
‘multilateral trading facility’ means a multilateral trading facility as defined in Article 4(1), point (22), of Directive 2014/65/EU;
(14)
‘central securities depository’ or ‘CSD’ means a central securities depository as defined in Article 2(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;
(15)
‘securities settlement system’ means a securities settlement system as defined in Article 2(1), point (10), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;
(16)
‘business day’ means business day as defined in Article 2(1), point (14), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;
(17)
‘delivery versus payment ’ means delivery versus payment as defined in Article 2(1), point (27), of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014;
(18)
‘credit institution’ means a credit institution as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (17);
(19)
‘investment firm’ means an investment firm as defined in Article 4(1), point (1), of Directive 2014/65/EU;
(20)
‘market operator’ means a market operator as defined in Article 4(1), point (18), of Directive 2014/65/EU;
(21)
‘competent authority’ means one or more competent authorities:
(a)
designated in accordance with Article 67 of Directive 2014/65/EU;
(b)
designated in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014; or
(c)
otherwise designated by a Member State to oversee the application of this Regulation.