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R-transaction

SEPA Regulation
a payment transaction which cannot be properly executed by a PSP or which results in exception processing, inter alia, because of a lack of funds, revocation, a wrong amount or a wrong date, a lack of mandate or wrong or closed account

radio communication

Radio Equipment Directive
communication by means of radio waves

radio equipment

Radio Equipment Directive
an electrical or electronic product, which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for the purpose of radio communication and/or radiodetermination, or an electrical or electronic product which must be completed with an accessory, such as antenna, so as to intentionally emit and/or receive radio waves for the purpose of radio communication and/or radiodetermination

radio equipment class

Radio Equipment Directive
a class identifying particular categories of radio equipment which, under this Directive, are considered similar and those radio interfaces for which the radio equipment is designed

radio interface

Radio Equipment Directive
the specification of the regulated use of radio spectrum

radio spectrum allocation

European Electronic Communications Code
the designation of a given radio spectrum band for use by one or more types of radio communications services, where appropriate, under specified conditions

radio waves

Radio Equipment Directive
electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than 3 000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide

radiodetermination

Radio Equipment Directive
the determination of the position, velocity and/or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to those parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves

rail passenger transport services

European Accessibility Act
all rail passenger services as referred to in Article 2(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1371/2007, with the exception of services referred to in Article 2(2) thereof

railway infrastructure

Single European Railway Area Directive
the items listed in Annex I

railway undertaking 2 definitions

Rail Passengers' Rights Regulation (recast)
a railway undertaking as defined in point (1) of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU
Single European Railway Area Directive
any public or private undertaking licensed according to this Directive, the principal business of which is to provide services for the transport of goods and/or passengers by rail with a requirement that the undertaking ensure traction; this also includes undertakings which provide traction only

ranking 2 definitions

Digital Markets Act
the relative prominence given to goods or services offered through online intermediation services, online social networking services, video-sharing platform services or virtual assistants, or the relevance given to search results by online search engines, as presented, organised or communicated by the undertakings providing online intermediation services, online social networking services, video-sharing platform services, virtual assistants or online search engines, irrespective of the technological means used for such presentation, organisation or communication and irrespective of whether only one result is presented or communicated
Platform-to-Business Regulation
the relative prominence given to the goods or services offered through online intermediation services, or the relevance given to search results by online search engines, as presented, organised or communicated by the providers of online intermediation services or by providers of online search engines, respectively, irrespective of the technological means used for such presentation, organisation or communication

rate of desulphurisation

Industrial Emissions Directive
the ratio over a given period of time of the quantity of sulphur which is not emitted into air by a combustion plant to the quantity of sulphur contained in the solid fuel which is introduced into the combustion plant facilities and which is used in the plant over the same period of time

rate of yield

Union Customs Code
the quantity or percentage of processed products obtained from the processing of a given quantity of goods placed under a processing procedure

rated entity

Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
a legal person whose creditworthiness is explicitly or implicitly rated in the credit rating, whether or not it has solicited that credit rating and whether or not it has provided information for that credit rating

rated position

CRR
a securitisation position which has an eligible credit assessment by an ECAI as referred to in Section 4

rating

Official Controls Regulation
a classification of operators based on an assessment of their conformity with rating criteria

rating analyst

Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
a person who performs analytical functions that are necessary for the issuing of a credit rating

rating category

Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
a rating symbol, such as a letter or numerical symbol which might be accompanied by appending identifying characters, used in a credit rating to provide a relative measure of risk to distinguish the different risk characteristics of the types of rated entities, issuers and financial instruments or other assets

rating system

CRR
all of the methods, processes, controls, data collection and IT systems that support the assessment of credit risk, the assignment of exposures to rating grades or pools, and the quantification of default and loss estimates that have been developed for a certain type of exposures

ratings based method

CRR
the method of calculating risk-weighted exposure amounts for securitisation positions in accordance with Article 261

raw material

Critical Raw Materials Act
a substance in processed or unprocessed state used as an input for the manufacturing of intermediate or final products, excluding substances predominantly used as food, feed or combustion fuel

raw materials supply chain

Critical Raw Materials Act
all activities and processes of the raw materials value chain up to the point where a raw material is used as an input for the manufacturing of intermediate or final products

raw materials value chain

Critical Raw Materials Act
all activities and processes involved in the exploration, extraction, processing and recycling of raw materials

re-export declaration 3 definitions

Dual-Use Export Control Regulation (recast)
an act within the meaning of Article 5(13) of the Union Customs Code
EU Single Window Customs Regulation
‘re-export declaration’ as defined in Article 5, point (13), of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013
Union Customs Code
the act whereby a person indicates, in the prescribed form and manner, a wish to take non-Union goods, with the exception of those under the free zone procedure or in temporary storage, out of the customs territory of the Union

re-export notification

Union Customs Code
the act whereby a person indicates, in the prescribed form and manner, a wish to take non-Union goods which are under the free zone procedure or in temporary storage out of the customs territory of the Union

re-nomination

Gas Transmission Access Regulation
the subsequent reporting of a corrected nomination

re-securitisation

CRR
securitisation where the risk associated with an underlying pool of exposures is tranched and at least one of the underlying exposures is a securitisation position

re-securitisation position

CRR
an exposure to a re-securitisation

re-use 5 definitions

Critical Raw Materials Act
re-use as defined in Article 3, point (13), of Directive 2008/98/EC
Data Governance Act
the use by natural or legal persons of data held by public sector bodies, for commercial or non-commercial purposes other than the initial purpose within the public task for which the data were produced, except for the exchange of data between public sector bodies purely in pursuit of their public tasks
General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived
Industrial Emissions Directive
the use of organic solvents recovered from an installation for any technical or commercial purpose and including use as a fuel but excluding the final disposal of such recovered organic solvent as waste
Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
any operation by which reusable packaging is used again multiple times for the same purpose for which it was conceived

re-use system

Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
the organisational, technical or financial arrangements, together with incentives, that allow re-use either in a closed loop or open loop system, such as a deposit and return system that ensures that packaging is collected for re-use

readily available data

Data Act
product data and related service data that a data holder lawfully obtains or can lawfully obtain from the connected product or related service, without disproportionate effort going beyond a simple operation

real asset

ELTIF Regulation
an asset that has value due to its substance and properties and may provide returns, including infrastructure and other assets that give rise to economic or social benefit, such as education, counselling, research and development, and including commercial property or housing only where they are integral to, or an ancillary element of, a long-term investment project that contributes to the Union objective of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth

real time text

European Accessibility Act
a form of text conversation in point to point situations or in multipoint conferencing where the text being entered is sent in such a way that the communication is perceived by the user as being continuous on a character-by-character basis

real-time remote biometric identification system

AI Act
a remote biometric identification system, whereby the capturing of biometric data, the comparison and the identification all occur without a significant delay, comprising not only instant identification, but also limited short delays in order to avoid circumvention

real-world testing plan

AI Act
a document that describes the objectives, methodology, geographical, population and temporal scope, monitoring, organisation and conduct of testing in real-world conditions

reasonable profit

Single European Railway Area Directive
a rate of return on own capital that takes account of the risk, including that to revenue, or the absence of such risk, incurred by the operator of the service facility and is in line with the average rate for the sector concerned in recent years

reasonably foreseeable misuse 2 definitions

AI Act
the use of an AI system in a way that is not in accordance with its intended purpose, but which may result from reasonably foreseeable human behaviour or interaction with other systems, including other AI systems
Cyber Resilience Act
the use of a product with digital elements in a way that is not in accordance with its intended purpose, but which may result from reasonably foreseeable human behaviour or interaction with other systems

reasonably foreseeable use

Cyber Resilience Act
use that is not necessarily the intended purpose supplied by the manufacturer in the instructions for use, promotional or sales materials and statements, as well as in the technical documentation, but which is likely to result from reasonably foreseeable human behaviour or technical operations or interactions

recall 11 definitions

Cosmetics Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a cosmetic product that has already been made available to the end user
Cyber Resilience Act
recall as defined in Article 3, point (22), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1020
Gas Appliances Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of an appliance that has already been made available to the end-user or of a fitting that has already been made available to an appliance manufacturer
General Product Safety Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a product that has already been made available to the consumer
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a device that has already been made available to the end user
Machinery Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a product within the scope of this Regulation that has already been made available to a user
Market Surveillance Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a product that has already been made available to the end user
Medical Devices Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a device that has already been made available to the end user
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Regulation
any measure aimed at achieving the return of PPE that has already been made available to the end-user
Radio Equipment Directive
any measure aimed at achieving the return of radio equipment that has already been made available to the end-user
RoHS Directive (recast)
any measure aimed at achieving the return of a product that has already been made available to the end user

recall of an AI system

AI Act
any measure aiming to achieve the return to the provider or taking out of service or disabling the use of an AI system made available to deployers

receiving CSD

CSDR
the CSD which receives the request of another CSD to have access to its services through a CSD link

receiving IORP

IORP II
an IORP receiving all or a part of a pension scheme's liabilities, technical provisions, and other obligations and rights, as well as corresponding assets or cash equivalent thereof, from an IORP registered or authorised in another Member State

receiving payment service provider

Payment Accounts Directive
the payment service provider to which the information required to perform the switching is transferred

reception and transmission of orders for crypto-assets on behalf of clients

MiCA
the reception from a person of an order to purchase or sell one or more crypto-assets or to subscribe for one or more crypto-assets and the transmission of that order to a third party for execution

rechargeable battery

Batteries Regulation
a battery that is designed to be electrically recharged

recharging point

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
an interface that is capable of charging one electric vehicle at a time or exchanging the battery of one electric vehicle at a time

recipient 7 definitions

BRRD
the entity to which shares, other instruments of ownership, debt instruments, assets, rights or liabilities, or any combination of those items are transferred from an institution under resolution
EPPO Regulation
a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or any other body to which the personal data are disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, Member States of the European Unions’ public authorities other than competent authorities defined in point 7(a) of Article 3 of Directive (EU) 2016/680, which receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry of the EPPO shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing
EU Institutions Data Protection Regulation
a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or another body, to which the personal data are disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, public authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Union or Member State law shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing
Europol Regulation
a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or any other body to which data are disclosed, whether a third party or not
GDPR
a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or another body, to which the personal data are disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, public authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Union or Member State law shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing
Law Enforcement Directive
a natural or legal person, public authority, agency or another body, to which the personal data are disclosed, whether a third party or not. However, public authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Member State law shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public authorities shall be in compliance with the applicable data protection rules according to the purposes of the processing
Services Directive
any natural person who is a national of a Member State or who benefits from rights conferred upon him by Community acts, or any legal person as referred to in Article 48 of the Treaty and established in a Member State, who, for professional or non-professional purposes, uses, or wishes to use, a service

recipient of the service

Digital Services Act
any natural or legal person who uses an intermediary service, in particular for the purposes of seeking information or making it accessible

reciprocal cross holding

CRR
a holding by an institution of the own funds instruments or other capital instruments issued by financial sector entities where those entities also hold own funds instruments issued by the institution

reclaiming

Methane Regulation
the process of returning an oil or gas well or well site to having soil and vegetation conditions similar to those that existed before it was disturbed

reclamation

F-gas Regulation
the reprocessing of a recovered fluorinated greenhouse gas to the equivalent performance of a virgin substance, taking into account its intended use, in authorised reclamation facilities that have the appropriate equipment and procedures in place to enable the reclamation of such gases and that can assess and attest to the level of the required quality

recognised exchange

CRR
an exchange which meets all of the following conditions:

recognised third-country investment firm

CRR
a firm meeting all of the following conditions:

recognition prize

Horizon Europe Regulation
a prize to reward past achievements and outstanding work after it has been performed

recommender system

Digital Services Act
a fully or partially automated system used by an online platform to suggest in its online interface specific information to recipients of the service or prioritise that information, including as a result of a search initiated by the recipient of the service or otherwise determining the relative order or prominence of information displayed

reconciliation process

Methane Regulation
the investigation and explanation of the reasons for any statistically significant discrepancies between source-level quantification and site-level measurement of methane emissions.

reconditioning

Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
any operation listed in Part B of Annex VI necessary to restore reusable packaging to a functional state for the purpose of its re-use

recovery 4 definitions

Critical Raw Materials Act
recovery as defined in Article 3, point (15), of Directive 2008/98/EC
E-PRTR Regulation
any of the operations provided for in Annex IIB to Directive 75/442/EEC.
F-gas Regulation
the collection and storage of fluorinated greenhouse gases from containers, products and equipment during maintenance or servicing or prior to the disposal of the containers, products or equipment
POPs Regulation
recovery as defined in point 15 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC

recovery capacity

BRRD
the capability of an institution to restore its financial position following a significant deterioration

recovery cash call

CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a request for cash resources, other than a resolution cash call, to be provided by clearing members to the CCP, additional to pre-funded resources, based on contractual arrangements laid out in the operating rules of the CCP

recovery plan 2 definitions

BRRD
a recovery plan drawn up and maintained by an institution in accordance with Article 5
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a recovery plan drawn up and maintained by a CCP in accordance with Article 9

recyclability

Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
the compatibility of packaging with the management and processing of waste by design, based on separate collection, sorting in separate streams, recycling at scale and the use of recycled materials to replace primary raw materials

recycled carbon fuels 2 definitions

Energy Union Governance Regulation
recycled carbon fuels as defined in point (35) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
liquid and gaseous fuels that are produced from liquid or solid waste streams of non-renewable origin which are not suitable for material recovery in accordance with Article 4 of Directive 2008/98/EC, or from waste processing gas and exhaust gas of non-renewable origin which are produced as an unavoidable and unintentional consequence of the production process in industrial installations

recycled metals

Conflict Minerals Regulation
reclaimed end-user or post-consumer products, or scrap processed metals created during product manufacturing, including excess, obsolete, defective, and scrap metal materials which contain refined or processed metals that are appropriate for recycling in the production of tin, tantalum, tungsten or gold. For the purposes of this definition, minerals partially processed, unprocessed or a by-product from another ore are not considered to be recycled metals

recycler 2 definitions

Batteries Regulation
any natural or legal person who carries out recycling in a permitted facility
Critical Raw Materials Act
any natural or legal person who carries out recycling in a permitted facility

recycling 3 definitions

Critical Raw Materials Act
recycling as defined in Article 3, point (17), of Directive 2008/98/EC
F-gas Regulation
the reuse of a recovered fluorinated greenhouse gas following a basic cleaning process, including filtering and drying
General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes. It includes the reprocessing of organic material but does not include energy recovery and the reprocessing into materials that are to be used as fuels or for backfilling operations

recycling efficiency

Batteries Regulation
the ratio, expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing the mass of output fractions accounting for recycling by the mass of the waste batteries’ input fraction, in relation to a recycling process

redispatching

Electricity Regulation (recast)
a measure, including curtailment, that is activated by one or more transmission system operators or distribution system operators by altering the generation, load pattern, or both, in order to change physical flows in the electricity system and relieve a physical congestion or otherwise ensure system security

redress measure

Collective Redress Directive
a measure that requires a trader to provide consumers concerned with remedies such as compensation, repair, replacement, price reduction, contract termination or reimbursement of the price paid, as appropriate and as available under Union or national law.

reference exchange rate

PSD2
the exchange rate which is used as the basis to calculate any currency exchange and which is made available by the payment service provider or comes from a publicly available source

reference hours and days

Transparent Working Conditions Directive
time slots in specified days during which work can take place at the request of the employer

reference interest rate

PSD2
the interest rate which is used as the basis for calculating any interest to be applied and which comes from a publicly available source which can be verified by both parties to a payment service contract

reference obligation

CRR
an obligation used for the purposes of determining the cash settlement value of a credit derivative

reference party

SEPA Regulation
a natural or legal person on behalf of whom a payer makes a payment or a payee receives a payment.

reference rate

Late Payment Directive
either of the following:

reference value

European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) Regulation
a value which is used to set targets for common and programme specific result indicators and based on existing or previous, similar interventions

reference veterinary medicinal product

Veterinary Medicinal Products Regulation
a veterinary medicinal product authorised in accordance with Article 44, 47, 49, 52, 53 or 54 as referred to in Article 5(1) on the basis of an application submitted in accordance with Article 8

refill

Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
an operation by which a container that fulfils the packaging function, and that is either owned by the end user or purchased by the end user at the point of sale of the final distributor is filled by the end user or by the final distributor with one or several products purchased by the end user from the final distributor

refill station

Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
a place where a final distributor offers to end users products that can be purchased through refill

refrigerated light-duty vehicle

F-gas Regulation
a motor vehicle with a mass of 3,5 tonnes or less that is designed and constructed primarily to carry goods and that is equipped with a refrigeration unit

refrigerated trailer

F-gas Regulation
a vehicle that is designed and constructed to be towed by a road vehicle or a tractor, primarily to carry goods and that is equipped with a refrigeration unit

refrigerated truck

F-gas Regulation
a motor vehicle with a mass of more than 3,5 tonnes that is designed and constructed primarily to carry goods and that is equipped with a refrigeration unit

refrigeration

F-gas Regulation
the process of maintaining or lowering the temperature of a product, substance, system or other item

refurbishment

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
actions carried out to prepare, clean, test, service and, where necessary, repair a product or a discarded product in order to restore its performance or functionality within the intended use and range of performance originally conceived at the design stage at the time of the placing of the product on the market

region 2 definitions

EAFRD Rural Development Regulation
a territorial unit corresponding to level 1 or 2 of the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS level 1 and 2) within the meaning of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council (16)
Electricity Risk-Preparedness Regulation
a group of Member States whose transmission system operators share the same regional coordination centre as referred to in Article 36 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943

regional cooperation

Energy Union Governance Regulation
cooperation between two or more Member States engaged in a partnership covering one or more of the five dimensions of the Energy Union

regional coordination centre 2 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
a regional coordination centre established pursuant to Article 35 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943
Electricity Regulation (recast)
regional coordination centre established pursuant to Article 35 of this Regulation

regional investment aid

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
regional aid granted for an initial investment or an initial investment in favour of a new economic activity

regional operating aid

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
aid to reduce an undertaking's current expenditure that is not related to an initial investment. This includes cost categories such as personnel costs, materials, contracted services, communications, energy, maintenance, rent, administration, etc., but excludes depreciation charges and the costs of financing if these have been included in the eligible costs when granting investment aid

regional rail passenger service

Rail Passengers' Rights Regulation (recast)
a rail passenger service within the meaning of point (7) of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU

regional services

Single European Railway Area Directive
transport services whose principal purpose is to meet the transport needs of a region, including a cross-border region

regional transport services

European Accessibility Act
regional services as defined in point 7 of Article 3 of Directive 2012/34/EU; but for the purposes of this Directive, it includes only the following modes of transport: rail, bus and coach, metro, tram and trolley bus

register

EU Trade Mark Directive
the register of trade marks kept by an office.

registered Equidae

Animal Transport Protection Regulation
registered Equidae as referred to in Directive 90/426/EEC (18)

registered operator

Plant Health Regulation
a professional operator registered in accordance with Article 65

registration 3 definitions

Agricultural and Forestry Vehicles Type-Approval Regulation
the administrative authorisation for the entry into service including for road traffic of a vehicle, involving the identification of the latter and the issuing to it of a serial number to be known as the registration number, be it permanently, temporarily or for a short period of time
Two- or Three-Wheel Vehicles Type-Approval Regulation
the administrative authorisation for the entry into service in road traffic of a vehicle, involving the identification of the latter and the issuing to it of a serial number, to be known as the registration number, be it permanently, temporarily or for a short period of time
Vehicle Type-Approval Regulation
an administrative authorisation for the entry into service in road traffic of an approved vehicle, involving the identification of the vehicle and the issuing to it of a serial number, known as the registration number, whether on a permanent or temporary basis

regular passenger services

Driving Time and Rest Periods Regulation
‘regular services’ and ‘special regular services’ as defined in Article 2, points 2 and 3, respectively, of Regulation (EC) No 1073/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ), whether national or international; (na) ‘occasional passenger services’ means ‘occasional services’ as defined in Article 2, point 4, of Regulation (EC) No 1073/2009, whether national or international

regular services

Bus and Coach Passenger Rights Regulation
services which provide for the carriage of passengers by bus or coach at specified intervals along specified routes, passengers being picked up and set down at predetermined stopping points

regulated data roaming service

Roaming Regulation (recast)
a roaming service enabling the use of packet switched data communications by a roaming customer by means of his mobile device while it is connected to a visited network. A regulated data roaming service does not include the transmission or receipt of regulated roaming calls or SMS messages, but does include the transmission and receipt of MMS messages

regulated information 2 definitions

Prospectus Regulation
regulated information as defined in point (k) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2004/109/EC
Transparency Directive
all information which the issuer, or any other person who has applied for the admission of securities to trading on a regulated market without the issuer's consent, is required to disclose under this Directive, under Article 6 of Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on insider dealing and market manipulation (market abuse) (11), or under the laws, regulations or administrative provisions of a Member State adopted under Article 3(1) of this Directive

regulated market 13 definitions

BRRD
a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU. 2. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 115 in order to specify the criteria for the determination of the activities, services and operations referred to in point (35) of the first subparagraph as regards the definition of ‘critical functions’ and the criteria for the determination of the business lines and associated services referred to in point (36) of the first subparagraph as regards the definition of ‘core business lines’.
CRD IV
regulated market as defined in point (92) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
regulated market as defined in point (14) of Article 4 of Directive 2004/39/EC
CSDR
regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
ELTIF Regulation
a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
European Green Bonds Regulation
a regulated market as defined in Article 4(1), point (21), of Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 21 )
IORP II
a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
Market Abuse Regulation
a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
MiFID II
a multilateral system operated and/or managed by a market operator, which brings together or facilitates the bringing together of multiple third-party buying and selling interests in financial instruments – in the system and in accordance with its non-discretionary rules – in a way that results in a contract, in respect of the financial instruments admitted to trading under its rules and/or systems, and which is authorised and functions regularly and in accordance with Title III of this Directive
MiFIR
a regulated market as defined in Article 4(1)(21) of Directive 2014/65/EU
Prospectus Regulation
a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU
Solvency II Directive
either of the following:
Transparency Directive
a market as defined in Article 4(1), point 14, of Directive 2004/39/EC

regulated profession 3 definitions

Blue Card Directive (recast)
a regulated profession as defined in Article 3(1), point (a), of Directive 2005/36/EC
Services Directive
a professional activity or a group of professional activities as referred to in Article 3(1)(a) of Directive 2005/36/EC
Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
a professional activity or a group of professional activities, access to which or the pursuit of which, or one of the modes of pursuing which, is conditional, directly or indirectly, upon possession of specific professional qualifications, pursuant to laws, regulations or administrative provisions.

regulated roaming call

Roaming Regulation (recast)
a mobile voice telephony call made by a roaming customer, originating on a visited network and terminating on a public communications network within the Union or received by a roaming customer, originating on a public communications network within the Union and terminating on a visited network

regulated roaming SMS message

Roaming Regulation (recast)
an SMS message sent by a roaming customer, originating on a visited network and terminating on a public communications network within the Union or received by a roaming customer, originating on a public communications network within the Union and terminating on a visited network

regulated-data benchmark

Benchmarks Regulation
a benchmark determined by the application of a formula from:

regulatory authorities 2 definitions

Electricity Cross-Border Access Regulation (2003)
the regulatory authorities referred to in Article 23(1) of Directive 2003/54/EC
Electricity Risk-Preparedness Regulation
regulatory authorities referred to in Article 57(1) of Directive (EU) 2019/944

regulatory authority

Electricity Regulation (recast)
a regulatory authority designated by each Member State pursuant to Article 57(1) of Directive (EU) 2019/944

regulatory purposes

Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
the use of credit ratings for the specific purpose of complying with Community law, as implemented by the national legislation of the Member States

reimbursable advance

Horizon Europe Regulation
the part of the Horizon Europe blended finance or EIC blended finance that corresponds to a loan under Title X of the Financial Regulation, but that is directly awarded by the Union on a non-profit basis to cover the costs of activities corresponding to an innovation action, and which is to be reimbursed by the beneficiary to the Union under the conditions provided for in the contract

reinsurance 4 definitions

DPRK Sanctions Regulation
the activity consisting in accepting risks ceded by an insurance undertaking or by another reinsurance undertaking or, in the case of the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's, the activity consisting in accepting risks, ceded by any member of Lloyd's, by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking other than the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's
Iran Sanctions Regulation
the activity consisting in accepting risks ceded by an insurance undertaking or by another reinsurance undertaking or, in the case of the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's, the activity consisting in accepting risks, ceded by any member of Lloyd's, by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking other than the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's
Reinsurance Directive
the activity consisting in accepting risks ceded by an insurance undertaking or by another reinsurance undertaking. In the case of the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's, reinsurance also means the activity consisting in accepting risks, ceded by any member of Lloyd's, by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking other than the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's
Solvency II Directive
either of the following:

reinsurance distribution

Insurance Distribution Directive
the activities of advising on, proposing, or carrying out other work preparatory to the conclusion of contracts of reinsurance, of concluding such contracts, or of assisting in the administration and performance of such contracts, in particular in the event of a claim, including when carried out by a reinsurance undertaking without the intervention of a reinsurance intermediary

reinsurance intermediary 2 definitions

DORA
a reinsurance intermediary as defined in Article 2(1), point (5), of Directive (EU) 2016/97
Insurance Distribution Directive
any natural or legal person, other than a reinsurance undertaking or its employees, who, for remuneration, takes up or pursues the activity of reinsurance distribution

reinsurance undertaking 6 definitions

CRD IV
reinsurance undertaking as defined in point (6) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
reinsurance undertaking as defined in point (4) of Article 13 of Directive 2009/138/EC
DORA
a reinsurance undertaking as defined in Article 13, point (4), of Directive 2009/138/EC
Insurance Distribution Directive
a reinsurance undertaking as defined in Article 13 point 4 of Directive 2009/138/EC
Reinsurance Directive
an undertaking which has received official authorisation in accordance with Article 3
Solvency II Directive
an undertaking which has received authorisation in accordance with Article 14 to pursue reinsurance activities

related operations

Animal Welfare at Killing Regulation
operations such as handling, lairaging, restraining, stunning and bleeding of animals taking place in the context and at the location where they are to be killed

related service 2 definitions

Data Act
a digital service, other than an electronic communications service, including software, which is connected with the product at the time of the purchase, rent or lease in such a way that its absence would prevent the connected product from performing one or more of its functions, or which is subsequently connected to the product by the manufacturer or a third party to add to, update or adapt the functions of the connected product
Product Liability Directive
a digital service that is integrated into, or inter-connected with, a product in such a way that its absence would prevent the product from performing one or more of its functions

related service data

Data Act
data representing the digitisation of user actions or of events related to the connected product, recorded intentionally by the user or generated as a by-product of the user’s action during the provision of a related service by the provider

related third party

Credit Rating Agencies Regulation
the originator, arranger, sponsor, servicer or any other party that interacts with a credit rating agency on behalf of a rated entity, including any person directly or indirectly linked to that rated entity by control

related undertaking 4 definitions

Electricity Market Directive (recast)
affiliated undertakings as defined in point (12) of Article 2 of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (18), and undertakings which belong to the same shareholders
Gas Directive
an affiliated undertaking, within the meaning of Article 41 of Seventh Council Directive 83/349/EEC of 13 June 1983 based on the Article 44(2)(g) (*1) of the Treaty on consolidated accounts (12) and/or an associated undertaking, within the meaning of Article 33(1) of that Directive, and/or an undertaking which belong to the same shareholders
REMIT Regulation
either a subsidiary or other undertaking in which a participation is held, or an undertaking linked with another undertaking by a relationship within the meaning of Article 12(1) of Directive 83/349/EEC
Solvency II Directive
either a subsidiary undertaking or other undertaking in which a participation is held, or an undertaking linked with another undertaking by a relationship as set out in Article 12(1) of Directive 83/349/EEC

relative 2 definitions

Dublin III Regulation
the applicant’s adult aunt or uncle or grandparent who is present in the territory of a Member State, regardless of whether the applicant was born in or out of wedlock or adopted as defined under national law
Work-Life Balance Directive
a worker's son, daughter, mother, father, spouse or, where such partnerships are recognised by national law, partner in civil partnership

release

E-PRTR Regulation
any introduction of pollutants into the environment as a result of any human activity, whether deliberate or accidental, routine or non-routine, including spilling, emitting, discharging, injecting, disposing or dumping, or through sewer systems without final waste-water treatment

release for free circulation 2 definitions

Deforestation Regulation
the procedure laid down in Article 201 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013
Market Surveillance Regulation
the procedure laid down in Article 201 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013

release of goods

Union Customs Code
the act whereby the customs authorities make goods available for the purposes specified for the customs procedure under which they are placed

release of the goods

Customs Enforcement of IP Rights Regulation
the release of the goods as defined in point (20) of Article 4 of Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92

relevant account

Financial Collateral Arrangements Directive
in relation to book entry securities collateral which is subject to a financial collateral arrangement, the register or account - which may be maintained by the collateral taker - in which the entries are made by which that book entry securities collateral is provided to the collateral taker

relevant and reasoned objection

GDPR
an objection to a draft decision as to whether there is an infringement of this Regulation, or whether envisaged action in relation to the controller or processor complies with this Regulation, which clearly demonstrates the significance of the risks posed by the draft decision as regards the fundamental rights and freedoms of data subjects and, where applicable, the free flow of personal data within the Union

relevant authority

CSDR
any authority referred to in Article 12

relevant capital instruments

SRM Regulation
Additional Tier 1 instruments and Tier 2 instruments

relevant commodities

Deforestation Regulation
cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya and wood

relevant costs

EuVECA Regulation
all fees, charges and expenses which are directly or indirectly borne by investors and which are agreed between the manager of a qualifying venture capital fund and the investors therein

relevant country-specific recommendations

Common Provisions Regulation (2021-2027)
Council recommendations adopted in accordance with Articles 121(2) and 148(4) TFEU relating to structural challenges as well as complementary Commission recommendations issued in accordance with Article 34 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, which are appropriate to be addressed through multiannual investments that fall within the scope of the Funds as set out in Fund-specific Regulations

relevant financial obligations

Financial Collateral Arrangements Directive
the obligations which are secured by a financial collateral arrangement and which give a right to cash settlement and/or delivery of financial instruments. Relevant financial obligations may consist of or include:

relevant legislation of the country of production

Deforestation Regulation
the laws applicable in the country of production concerning the legal status of the area of production in terms of:

relevant national authorities

CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
the resolution authorities, competent authorities or competent ministries designated in accordance with this Regulation or pursuant to Article 3 of Directive 2014/59/EU or other authorities in Member States with powers in relation to assets, rights, obligations or liabilities of third-country CCPs providing clearing services in their jurisdiction

relevant national resolution authority

SRM Regulation
the national resolution authority of a participating Member State in which an entity or a group's entity is established

relevant parent institution

BRRD
a parent institution in a Member State, a Union parent institution, a financial holding company, a mixed financial holding company, a mixed-activity holding company, a parent financial holding company in a Member State, a Union parent financial holding company, a parent mixed financial holding company in a Member State, or a Union parent mixed financial holding company, in relation to which the bail-in tool is applied

relevant products

Deforestation Regulation
products listed in Annex I that contain, have been fed with or have been made using relevant commodities

relevant products entering the market

Deforestation Regulation
relevant products from third countries placed under the customs procedure ‘release for free circulation’ that are intended to be placed on the Union market and are not intended for private use or consumption within the customs territory of the Union

relevant products leaving the market

Deforestation Regulation
relevant products placed under the customs procedure ‘export’

relevant third-country authority 2 definitions

BRRD
a third-country authority responsible for carrying out functions comparable to those of resolution authorities or competent authorities pursuant to this Directive
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a third-country authority responsible for carrying out functions comparable to those of resolution authorities or competent authorities pursuant to this Regulation.

reliability

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
the probability that a product functions as required under given conditions for a given duration without an occurrence which results in a primary or secondary function of the product no longer being performed

reliability of a substitute

RoHS Directive (recast)
the probability that an EEE using a substitute will perform a required function without failure under stated conditions for a stated period of time

religious rite

Animal Welfare at Killing Regulation
a series of acts related to the slaughter of animals and prescribed by a religion

relocation

Common Provisions Regulation (2021-2027)
a transfer of the same or similar activity or part thereof within the meaning of point (61a) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 651/2014

relying party

eIDAS Regulation
a natural or legal person that relies upon an electronic identification or a trust service

remanufacturing 2 definitions

Batteries Regulation
any technical operation on a used battery that includes the disassembly and evaluation of all its battery cells and modules and the use of a certain number of battery cells and modules that are new, used or recovered from waste, or other battery components, to restore the battery capacity to at least 90 % of the original rated capacity, and where the state of health of all individual battery cells does not differ more than 3 % between cells, and results in the battery being used for the same purpose or application as the one for which the battery was originally designed
Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
actions through which a new product is produced from objects that are waste, products or components and through which at least one change is made that substantially affects the safety, performance, purpose or type of the product

remediating

Methane Regulation
the process of cleaning up contaminated water and soil

remediation

CSDDD
restoration of the affected person or persons, communities or environment to a situation equivalent or as close as possible to the situation they would have been in had an actual adverse impact not occurred, in proportion to the company’s implication in the adverse impact, including by financial or non-financial compensation provided by the company to a person or persons affected by the actual adverse impact and, where applicable, reimbursement of the costs incurred by public authorities for any necessary remedial measures

remission

Union Customs Code
the waiving of the obligation to pay an amount of import or export duty which has not been paid

remote biometric identification system

AI Act
an AI system for the purpose of identifying natural persons, without their active involvement, typically at a distance through the comparison of a person’s biometric data with the biometric data contained in a reference database

remote data processing

Cyber Resilience Act
data processing at a distance for which the software is designed and developed by the manufacturer, or under the responsibility of the manufacturer, and the absence of which would prevent the product with digital elements from performing one of its functions

remote payment transaction

PSD2
a payment transaction initiated via internet or through a device that can be used for distance communication

remote pilot

EASA Basic Regulation (Civil Aviation Safety)
a natural person responsible for safely conducting the flight of an unmanned aircraft by operating its flight controls, either manually or, when the unmanned aircraft flies automatically, by monitoring its course and remaining able to intervene and change the course at any time

remote regions

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
outermost regions, Malta, Cyprus, Ceuta and Melilla, islands which are part of the territory of a Member State and sparsely populated areas

removable mechanical transmission device 2 definitions

Machinery Directive
a removable component for transmitting power between self-propelled machinery or a tractor and another machine by joining them at the first fixed bearing. When it is placed on the market with the guard it shall be regarded as one product
Machinery Regulation
a removable component for transmitting power between self-propelled machinery or a tractor and other machinery or related products by joining them at the first fixed bearing; when it is placed on the market with a guard, the device and the guard are to be regarded as one item

removal 2 definitions

Critical Raw Materials Act
manual, mechanical, chemical, thermal or metallurgic handling with the result that the targeted components or materials are identifiable as a separate output stream or part of an output stream
WEEE Directive
manual, mechanical, chemical or metallurgic handling with the result that hazardous substances, mixtures and components are contained in an identifiable stream or are an identifiable part of a stream within the treatment process. A substance, mixture or component is identifiable if it can be monitored to verify environmentally safe treatment

remuneration 2 definitions

Insurance Distribution Directive
any commission, fee, charge or other payment, including an economic benefit of any kind or any other financial or non-financial advantage or incentive offered or given in respect of insurance distribution activities
MiFID II Delegated Regulation
all forms of payments or financial or non-financial benefits provided directly or indirectly by firms to relevant persons in the provision of investment or ancillary services to clients

renewable energy community 2 definitions

Energy Union Governance Regulation
renewable energy community as defined in point (16) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001

renewable energy obligation

Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
a support scheme requiring energy producers to include a given share of energy from renewable sources in their production, requiring energy suppliers to include a given share of energy from renewable sources in their supply, or requiring energy consumers to include a given share of energy from renewable sources in their consumption, including schemes under which such requirements may be fulfilled by using green certificates

renewable energy sources

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
the following renewable non-fossil energy sources: wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases

renewable energy technologies

Net-Zero Industry Act
technologies that produce energy from renewable sources

renewable fuels of non-biological origin

Net-Zero Industry Act
renewable fuels of non-biological origin as defined in Article 2, second paragraph, point (36), of Directive (EU) 2018/2001

renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin

Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
liquid or gaseous fuels which are used in the transport sector other than biofuels or biogas, the energy content of which is derived from renewable sources other than biomass

renewables acceleration area

Nature Restoration Law
renewables acceleration area as defined in Article 2, point (9a), of Directive (EU) 2018/2001.

renewables power purchase agreement

Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
a contract under which a natural or legal person agrees to purchase renewable electricity directly from an electricity producer

renewables self-consumer

Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
a final customer operating within its premises located within confined boundaries or, where permitted by a Member State, within other premises, who generates renewable electricity for its own consumption, and who may store or sell self-generated renewable electricity, provided that, for a non-household renewables self-consumer, those activities do not constitute its primary commercial or professional activity

reorganisation measures 2 definitions

Financial Collateral Arrangements Directive
measures which involve any intervention by administrative or judicial authorities which are intended to preserve or restore the financial situation and which affect pre-existing rights of third parties, including but not limited to measures involving a suspension of payments, suspension of enforcement measures or reduction of claims
Solvency II Directive
measures involving any intervention by the competent authorities which are intended to preserve or restore the financial situation of an insurance undertaking and which affect pre-existing rights of parties other than the insurance undertaking itself, including but not limited to measures involving the possibility of a suspension of payments, suspension of enforcement measures or reduction of claims

repair 2 definitions

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
one or more actions carried out to return a defective product or waste to a condition where it fulfils its intended purpose
F-gas Regulation
the restoration of damaged or leaking products or equipment that contain fluorinated greenhouse gases or whose functioning relies upon those gases, involving a part containing or designed to contain such gases

repatriation

Package Travel Directive
the traveller's return to the place of departure or to another place the contracting parties agree upon.

repayable advance

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
a loan for a project which is paid in one or more instalments and the conditions for the reimbursement of which depend on the outcome of the project

repayment

Union Customs Code
the refunding of an amount of import or export duty that has been paid

replacement capital

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
the purchase of existing shares in a company from an earlier investor or shareholder

replacement pollution control device

Two- or Three-Wheel Vehicles Type-Approval Regulation
a pollution control device or an assembly of such devices that is intended to replace an original pollution control device and that can be approved as a separate technical unit

reporting currency

Liquidity Coverage Ratio Delegated Regulation
the currency in which the liquidity items referred to in Titles II and III of Part Six of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 must be reported to the competent authority in accordance with Article 415(1) of that Regulation

reporting person

Whistleblower Protection Directive
a natural person who reports or publicly discloses information on breaches acquired in the context of his or her work-related activities

reporting year

E-PRTR Regulation
the calendar year for which data on releases of pollutants and off-site transfers must be gathered

repowering 2 definitions

Energy Union Governance Regulation
repowering as defined in point (10) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
renewing power plants that produce renewable energy, including the full or partial replacement of installations or operation systems and equipment for the purposes of replacing capacity or increasing the efficiency or capacity of the installation

representative 4 definitions

Dublin III Regulation
a person or an organisation appointed by the competent bodies in order to assist and represent an unaccompanied minor in procedures provided for in this Regulation with a view to ensuring the best interests of the child and exercising legal capacity for the minor where necessary. Where an organisation is appointed as a representative, it shall designate a person responsible for carrying out its duties in respect of the minor, in accordance with this Regulation
GDPR
a natural or legal person established in the Union who, designated by the controller or processor in writing pursuant to Article 27, represents the controller or processor with regard to their respective obligations under this Regulation
NIS Directive
any natural or legal person established in the Union explicitly designated to act on behalf of a digital service provider not established in the Union, which may be addressed by a national competent authority or a CSIRT instead of the digital service provider with regard to the obligations of that digital service provider under this Directive
NIS2 Directive
a natural or legal person established in the Union explicitly designated to act on behalf of a DNS service provider, a TLD name registry, an entity providing domain name registration services, a cloud computing service provider, a data centre service provider, a content delivery network provider, a managed service provider, a managed security service provider, or a provider of an online marketplace, of an online search engine or of a social networking services platform that is not established in the Union, which may be addressed by a competent authority or a CSIRT in the place of the entity itself with regard to the obligations of that entity under this Directive

representative action

Collective Redress Directive
an action for the protection of the collective interests of consumers that is brought by a qualified entity as a claimant party on behalf of consumers to seek an injunctive measure, a redress measure, or both

representatives of persons performing platform work

Platform Work Directive
workers’ representatives and, insofar as provided for in national law and practice,

reprocessing

Medical Devices Regulation
a process carried out on a used device in order to allow its safe reuse including cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation and related procedures, as well as testing and restoring the technical and functional safety of the used device

repurchase agreement

Money Market Funds Regulation
any agreement in which one party transfers securities or any rights related to that title to a counterparty, subject to a commitment to repurchase them at a specified price on a future date specified or to be specified

repurchase transaction 4 definitions

CRR
any transaction governed by a repurchase agreement or a reverse repurchase agreement
ELTIF Regulation
a repurchase transaction as defined in point (83) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
Investment Firms Regulation
a repurchase transaction as defined in point (9) of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2365
SFTR
a transaction governed by an agreement by which a counterparty transfers securities, commodities, or guaranteed rights relating to title to securities or commodities where that guarantee is issued by a recognised exchange which holds the rights to the securities or commodities and the agreement does not allow a counterparty to transfer or pledge a particular security or commodity to more than one counterparty at a time, subject to a commitment to repurchase them, or substituted securities or commodities of the same description at a specified price on a future date specified, or to be specified, by the transferor, being a repurchase agreement for the counterparty selling the securities or commodities and a reverse repurchase agreement for the counterparty buying them

repurposing

Batteries Regulation
any operation that results in a battery, that is not a waste battery, or parts thereof being used for a purpose or application other than that for which the battery was originally designed

request for payment

Common Provisions Regulation (2014-2020)
a payment application or declaration of expenditure submitted by the Member State to the Commission

requested authority 2 definitions

Consumer Protection Cooperation Regulation
the competent authority that receives a request for mutual assistance
Market Surveillance Regulation
the market surveillance authority that receives a request for mutual assistance

requesting CSD

CSDR
the CSD which requests access to the services of another CSD through a CSD link

requirement

Services Directive
any obligation, prohibition, condition or limit provided for in the laws, regulations or administrative provisions of the Member States or in consequence of case-law, administrative practice, the rules of professional bodies, or the collective rules of professional associations or other professional organisations, adopted in the exercise of their legal autonomy; rules laid down in collective agreements negotiated by the social partners shall not as such be seen as requirements within the meaning of this Directive

resale contract

Timeshare Directive
a contract under which a trader, for consideration, assists a consumer to sell or buy a timeshare or a long-term holiday product

rescaled label

Energy Labelling Framework Regulation
a label for a particular product group that has undergone rescaling and is distinguishable from labels before rescaling while preserving a visual and perceptible coherence of all labels

rescaling

Energy Labelling Framework Regulation
an exercise making the requirements for achieving the energy class on a label for a particular product group more stringent

research and innovation action

Horizon Europe Regulation
an action primarily consisting of activities aiming to establish new knowledge or to explore the feasibility of a new or improved technology, product, process, service or solution. This may include basic and applied research, technology development and integration, testing, demonstration and validation on a small-scale prototype in a laboratory or simulated environment

research and knowledge-dissemination organisation

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
an entity (such as universities or research institutes, technology transfer agencies, innovation intermediaries, research-oriented physical or virtual collaborative entities), irrespective of its legal status (organised under public or private law) or way of financing, whose primary goal is to independently conduct fundamental research, industrial research or experimental development or to widely disseminate the results of such activities by way of teaching, publication or knowledge transfer. Where such entity also pursues economic activities the financing, the costs and the revenues of those economic activities must be accounted for separately. Undertakings that can exert a decisive influence upon such an entity, in the quality of, for example, shareholders or members, may not enjoy preferential access to the results generated by it

research infrastructure

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
facilities, resources and related services that are used by the scientific community to conduct research in their respective fields and covers scientific equipment or sets of instruments, knowledge-based resources such as collections, archives or structured scientific information, enabling information and communication technology-based infrastructures such as grid, computing, software and communication, or any other entity of a unique nature essential to conduct research. Such infrastructures may be ‘single-sited’ or ‘distributed’ (an organised network of resources) in accordance with Article 2(a) of Council Regulation (EC) No 723/2009 of 25 June 2009 on the Community legal framework for a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) (40)

research infrastructures

Horizon Europe Regulation
facilities that provide resources and services for the research communities to conduct research and foster innovation in their fields, including the associated human resources, major equipment or sets of instruments; knowledge-related facilities such as collections, archives or scientific data infrastructures; computing systems, communication networks and any other infrastructure of a unique nature and open to external users, essential to achieve excellence in R&I; they may, where relevant, be used beyond research, for example for education or public services and they may be 'single sited', 'virtual' or 'distributed'

research organisation 2 definitions

Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive
a university, including its libraries, a research institute or any other entity, the primary goal of which is to conduct scientific research or to carry out educational activities involving also the conduct of scientific research:
NIS2 Directive
an entity which has as its primary goal to conduct applied research or experimental development with a view to exploiting the results of that research for commercial purposes, but which does not include educational institutions.

research output

Horizon Europe Regulation
the results generated by a given action to which access can be given in the form of scientific publications, data or other engineered results and processes such as software, algorithms, protocols and electronic notebooks

resecuritisation

Securitisation Regulation
securitisation where at least one of the underlying exposures is a securitisation position

reservation 5 definitions

Air Passenger Rights (Reduced Mobility) Regulation
the fact that the passenger has a ticket, or other proof, which indicates that the reservation has been accepted and registered by the air carrier or tour operator
Air Passenger Rights Regulation
the fact that the passenger has a ticket, or other proof, which indicates that the reservation has been accepted and registered by the air carrier or tour operator
Bus and Coach Passenger Rights Regulation
a booking of a seat on board a bus or coach for a regular service at a specific departure time
Rail Passengers' Rights Regulation (recast)
an authorisation, on paper or in electronic form, giving entitlement to transportation subject to previously confirmed personalised transport arrangements
Sea and Inland Waterway Passenger Rights Regulation
a booking of a specific departure of a passenger service or a cruise

reserve capacity

Electricity Regulation (recast)
the amount of frequency containment reserves, frequency restoration reserves or replacement reserves that needs to be available to the transmission system operator

reserve of assets

MiCA
the basket of reserve assets securing the claim against the issuer

reserves 2 definitions

Critical Raw Materials Act
all mineral occurrences that are economically viable to extract in a particular market context
EMIR
reserves as set out in Article 9 of Fourth Council Directive 78/660/EEC of 25 July 1978 based on Article 54(3)(g) of the Treaty on the annual accounts of certain types of companies (28) and profits and losses brought forward as a result of the application of the final profit or loss

residence

Social Security Coordination Regulation
the place where a person habitually resides

residence document

Dublin III Regulation
any authorisation issued by the authorities of a Member State authorising a third-country national or a stateless person to stay on its territory, including the documents substantiating the authorisation to remain on the territory under temporary protection arrangements or until the circumstances preventing a removal order from being carried out no longer apply, with the exception of visas and residence authorisations issued during the period required to determine the Member State responsible as established in this Regulation or during the examination of an application for international protection or an application for a residence permit

residence permit

SIS Borders Regulation
a residence permit as defined in point (16) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 of the European Parliament and of the Council (33)

residency period

Animal Health Law
the minimum period necessary in order to ensure that an animal which has been introduced into an establishment is not of a lower health status than that of the animals in that establishment

residential property

CRR
a residence which is occupied by the owner or the lessee of the residence, including the right to inhabit an apartment in housing cooperatives located in Sweden

residual energy mix

Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
the total annual energy mix for a Member State, excluding the share covered by cancelled guarantees of origin

residual error rate

Common Provisions Regulation (2021-2027)
the total errors less the financial corrections applied by the Member State to reduce the risks identified by the audit authority, divided by the expenditure to be declared in the accounts

residual maturity

Money Market Funds Regulation
the length of time remaining until the legal maturity of a security

residue 3 definitions

Biocidal Products Regulation
a substance present in or on products of plant or animal origin, water resources, drinking water, food, feed or elsewhere in the environment and resulting from the use of a biocidal product, including such a substance’s metabolites, breakdown or reaction products
Energy Union Governance Regulation
residue as defined in point (43) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001
Renewable Energy Directive (recast)
a substance that is not the end product(s) that a production process directly seeks to produce; it is not a primary aim of the production process and the process has not been deliberately modified to produce it

resilience 2 definitions

Critical Entities Resilience Directive
a critical entity’s ability to prevent, protect against, respond to, resist, mitigate, absorb, accommodate and recover from an incident
Recovery and Resilience Facility Regulation
the ability to face economic, social and environmental shocks or persistent structural changes in a fair, sustainable and inclusive way; and

resolution 2 definitions

BRRD
the application of a resolution tool or a tool referred to in Article 37(9) in order to achieve one or more of the resolution objectives referred to in Article 31(2)
Covered Bonds Directive
resolution as defined in point (1) of Article 2(1) of Directive 2014/59/EU

resolution action 3 definitions

BRRD
the decision to place an institution or entity referred to in point (b), (c) or (d) of Article 1(1) under resolution pursuant to Article 32 or 33, the application of a resolution tool, or the exercise of one or more resolution powers
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a decision to place a CCP under resolution pursuant to Article 22, the application of a resolution tool, or the exercise of one or more resolution powers
SRM Regulation
the decision to place an entity referred to in Article 2 under resolution pursuant to Article 18, the application of a resolution tool or the exercise of one or more resolution powers

resolution authority 2 definitions

BRRD
an authority designated by a Member State in accordance with Article 3
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
an authority designated by a Member State in accordance with Article 3

resolution cash call

CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a request for cash resources to be provided by clearing members to the CCP, additional to pre-funded resources, based on statutory powers available to a resolution authority in accordance with Article 31

resolution college 2 definitions

BRRD
a college established in accordance with Article 88 to carry out the tasks referred to in Article 88(1)
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
the college established pursuant to Article 4

resolution objectives 3 definitions

BRRD
the resolution objectives referred to in Article 31(2)
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
the resolution objectives laid down in Article 21
SRM Regulation
the objectives referred to in Article 14

resolution plan 3 definitions

BRRD
a resolution plan for an institution drawn up in accordance with Article 10
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a resolution plan for a CCP drawn up in accordance with Article 12
SRM Regulation
a plan drawn up in accordance with Article 8 or 9

resolution power 2 definitions

BRRD
a power referred to in Articles 63 to 72
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
any of the powers laid down in Articles 48 to 58

resolution tool 3 definitions

BRRD
a resolution tool referred to in Article 37(3)
CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation
a resolution tool as set out in Article 27(1)
SRM Regulation
a resolution tool referred to in Article 22(2)

rest

Driving Time and Rest Periods Regulation
any uninterrupted period during which a driver may freely dispose of his time

restoration

Nature Restoration Law
the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem in order to improve its structure and functions, with the aim of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, through improving an area of a habitat type to good condition, re-establishing favourable reference area, and improving a habitat of a species to sufficient quality and quantity in accordance with Article 4(1), (2) and (3) and Article 5(1), (2) and (3), and meeting the targets and fulfilling the obligations under Articles 8 to 12, including reaching satisfactory levels for the indicators referred to in Articles 8 to 12

restraint

Animal Welfare at Killing Regulation
the application to an animal of any procedure designed to restrict its movements sparing any avoidable pain, fear or agitation in order to facilitate effective stunning and killing

restricted zone

Animal Health Law
a zone in which restrictions on the movements of certain animals or products and other disease control measures are applied, with a view to preventing the spread of a particular disease into areas where no restrictions are applied; a restricted zone may, when relevant, include protection and surveillance zones

restriction of processing 4 definitions

EPPO Regulation
the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future
EU Institutions Data Protection Regulation
the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future
GDPR
the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future
Law Enforcement Directive
the marking of stored personal data with the aim of limiting their processing in the future

result indicator 2 definitions

CAP Financing, Management and Monitoring Regulation
a result indicator as referred to in Article 7(1), point (b), of Regulation (EU) 2021/2115
Common Provisions Regulation (2021-2027)
an indicator to measure the effects of the interventions supported, with particular reference to the direct addressees, population targeted or users of infrastructure

results

Horizon Europe Regulation
any tangible or intangible effect of a given action, such as data, knowhow or information, whatever its form or nature and whether or not it can be protected, as well as any rights attached to it, including intellectual property rights

retail client

MiFID II
a client who is not a professional client

retail deposit

CRR
a liability to a natural person or to an SME, where the natural person or the SME would qualify for the retail exposure class under the Standardised or IRB approaches for credit risk, or a liability to a company which is eligible for the treatment set out in Article 153(4) and where the aggregate deposits by all such enterprises on a group basis do not exceed EUR 1 million.

retail deposits

Liquidity Coverage Ratio Delegated Regulation
a liability to a natural person or to an SME, where the SME would qualify for the retail exposure class under the standardised or IRB approaches for credit risk, or a liability to a company which is eligible for the treatment set out in Article 153(4) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, and where the aggregate deposits by such SME or company on a group basis do not exceed EUR 1 million

retail energy sales company 2 definitions

Energy Efficiency Directive
a natural or legal person who sells energy to final customers
Energy Union Governance Regulation
retail energy sales company as defined in point (22) of Article 2 of Directive 2012/27/EU

retail holder

MiCA
any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside that person’s trade, business, craft or profession

retail investor 2 definitions

ELTIF Regulation
an investor who is not a professional investor
SFDR
an investor who is not a professional investor

retail payment system

SEPA Regulation
a payment system the main purpose of which is to process, clear or settle credit transfers or direct debits which are primarily of small amount, and that is not a large-value payment system

retailer

Package Travel Directive
a trader other than the organiser who sells or offers for sale packages combined by an organiser

retained earnings

CRR
profits and losses brought forward as a result of the final application of profit or loss under the applicable accounting framework

retaliation

Whistleblower Protection Directive
any direct or indirect act or omission which occurs in a work-related context, is prompted by internal or external reporting or by public disclosure, and which causes or may cause unjustified detriment to the reporting person

retention of title

Late Payment Directive
the contractual agreement according to which the seller retains title to the goods in question until the price has been paid in full

retirement benefits

IORP II
benefits paid by reference to reaching, or the expectation of reaching, retirement or, where they are supplementary to those benefits and provided on an ancillary basis, in the form of payments on death, disability, or cessation of employment or in the form of support payments or services in case of sickness, indigence or death. In order to facilitate financial security in retirement, these benefits may take the form of payments for life, payments made for a temporary period, a lump sum, or any combination thereof

return

SIS Borders Regulation
return as defined in point 3 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/115/EC

return link

Union Space Programme Regulation
a functional capacity of the Galileo search and rescue support (SAR) service; the Galileo SAR service will contribute to the global monitoring service of aircraft, as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)

reuse

SFTR
the use by a receiving counterparty, in its own name and on its own account or on the account of another counterparty, including any natural person, of financial instruments received under a collateral arrangement, such use comprising transfer of title or exercise of a right of use in accordance with Article 5 of Directive 2002/47/EC but not including the liquidation of a financial instrument in the event of default of the providing counterparty

reverse repurchase agreement

Money Market Funds Regulation
any agreement in which one party receives securities, or any rights related to a title or security from a counterparty subject to a commitment to sell them back at a specified price on a future date specified or to be specified

reversing detection

General Vehicle Safety Regulation
a system to make the driver aware of people and objects at the rear of the vehicle with the primary aim of avoiding collisions when reversing

revolving exposure 2 definitions

CRR
an exposure whereby customers' outstanding balances are permitted to fluctuate based on their decisions to borrow and repay, up to an agreed limit
Securitisation Regulation
an exposure whereby borrowers’ outstanding balances are permitted to fluctuate based on their decisions to borrow and repay, up to an agreed limit

revolving securitisation 2 definitions

CRR
a securitisation where the securitisation structure itself revolves by exposures being added to or removed from the pool of exposures irrespective of whether the exposures revolve or not
Securitisation Regulation
a securitisation where the securitisation structure itself revolves by exposures being added to or removed from the pool of exposures irrespective of whether the exposures revolve or not

rewetting peatland

Nature Restoration Law
the process of changing a drained peat soil towards a wet peat soil

right of use

Financial Collateral Arrangements Directive
the right of the collateral taker to use and dispose of financial collateral provided under a security financial collateral arrangement as the owner of it in accordance with the terms of the security financial collateral arrangement

right-holder

Customs Enforcement of IP Rights Regulation
the holder of an intellectual property right

risk 11 definitions

AI Act
the combination of the probability of an occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
Animal Health Law
the likelihood of the occurrence and the likely magnitude of the biological and economic consequences of an adverse effect on animal or public health
Critical Entities Resilience Directive
the potential for loss or disruption caused by an incident and is to be expressed as a combination of the magnitude of such loss or disruption and the likelihood of occurrence of the incident
General Product Safety Regulation
the combination of the probability of an occurrence of a hazard causing harm and the degree of severity of that harm
In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation
the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
Market Surveillance Regulation
the combination of the probability of an occurrence of a hazard causing harm and the degree of severity of that harm
Medical Devices Regulation
the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
NIS Directive
any reasonably identifiable circumstance or event having a potential adverse effect on the security of network and information systems
NIS2 Directive
the potential for loss or disruption caused by an incident and is to be expressed as a combination of the magnitude of such loss or disruption and the likelihood of occurrence of the incident
Official Controls Regulation
a function of the probability of an adverse effect on human, animal or plant health, animal welfare or the environment and of the severity of that effect, consequential to a hazard
Union Customs Code
the likelihood and the impact of an event occurring, with regard to the entry, exit, transit, movement or end-use of goods moved between the customs territory of the Union and countries or territories outside that territory and to the presence within the customs territory of the Union of non-Union goods, which would:

risk analysis

European Critical Infrastructures Directive
consideration of relevant threat scenarios, in order to assess the vulnerability and the potential impact of disruption or destruction of critical infrastructure

risk assessment

Critical Entities Resilience Directive
the overall process for determining the nature and extent of a risk by identifying and analysing potential relevant threats, vulnerabilities and hazards which could lead to an incident and by evaluating the potential loss or disruption of the provision of an essential service caused by that incident

risk factors

CSDDD
facts, situations or circumstances that relate to the severity and likelihood of an adverse impact, including company-level, business operations, geographic and contextual, product and service, and sectoral facts, situations or circumstances

risk finance investment

General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)
equity and quasi-equity investments, loans including leases, guarantees, or a mix thereof to eligible undertakings for the purposes of making new investments

risk management

Union Customs Code
the systematic identification of risk, including through random checks, and the implementation of all measures necessary for limiting exposure to risk

risk management plan

Conflict Minerals Regulation
the written response of a Union importer to the identified supply chain risks based on Annex III to the OECD Due Diligence Guidance

risk measure

Solvency II Directive
a mathematical function which assigns a monetary amount to a given probability distribution forecast and increases monotonically with the level of risk exposure underlying that probability distribution forecast.

risk mitigation techniques

PEPP Regulation
techniques for a systematic reduction in the extent of exposure to a risk and/or the likelihood of its occurrence

risk of absconding

Dublin III Regulation
the existence of reasons in an individual case, which are based on objective criteria defined by law, to believe that an applicant or a third-country national or a stateless person who is subject to a transfer procedure may abscond.

risk of excessive leverage 2 definitions

CRD IV
risk of excessive leverage as defined in point (94) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013
CRR
the risk resulting from an institution's vulnerability due to leverage or contingent leverage that may require unintended corrective measures to its business plan, including distressed selling of assets which might result in losses or in valuation adjustments to its remaining assets

risk position

CRR
a risk number that is assigned to a transaction under the Standardised Method set out in Section5 following a predetermined algorithm

risk-mitigation techniques

Solvency II Directive
all techniques which enable insurance and reinsurance undertakings to transfer part or all of their risks to another party

risk-neutral distribution

CRR
a distribution of market values or exposures over a future time period where the distribution is calculated using market implied values such as implied volatilities

road data

ITS Directive
data on road infrastructure characteristics, including fixed traffic signs or their regulatory safety attributes

roaming customer

Roaming Regulation (recast)
a customer of a roaming provider of regulated roaming services, by means of a terrestrial public mobile communications network situated in the Union, whose contract or arrangement with that roaming provider permits Union-wide roaming

roaming provider

Roaming Regulation (recast)
an undertaking that provides a roaming customer with regulated retail roaming services

roll-on-roll-off vessel

Animal Transport Protection Regulation
a sea-going vessel with facilities to enable road or rail vehicles to roll on and roll off the vessel

rollover risk

CRR
the amount by which EPE is understated when future transactions with a counterparty are expected to be conducted on an ongoing basis. The additional exposure generated by those future transactions is not included in calculation of EPE

ropes

Machinery Regulation
ropes designed and constructed for lifting purposes as part of lifting machinery or lifting accessories

rotation

Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation
the cycle that reusable packaging accomplishes from the moment it is placed on the market together with the product it is intended to contain, protect, handle, deliver or present to the moment it is ready to be re-used within a re-use system with a view to it being supplied again to end users together with another product

routine flaring

Methane Regulation
flaring during the normal production of oil or fossil gas, in the absence of adequate facilities or amenable geology to re-inject methane, utilise it on-site or dispatch it to a market, and excludes flaring caused by an emergency or a malfunction