This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
Done at Brussels, 24 June 2024.
For the European Parliament
The President
R. METSOLA
For the Council
The President
A. MARON
(1) OJ C 140, 21.4.2023, p. 46.
(2) OJ C 157, 3.5.2023, p. 38.
(3) Position of the European Parliament of 27 February 2024 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 17 June 2024.
(4) OJ L 309, 13.12.1993, p. 3.
(5) Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1).
(6) Regulation (EU) 2023/839 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 April 2023 amending Regulation (EU) 2018/841 as regards the scope, simplifying the reporting and compliance rules, and setting out the targets of the Member States for 2030, and Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 as regards improvement in monitoring, reporting, tracking of progress and review (OJ L 107, 21.4.2023, p. 1).
(7) OJ L 83, 19.3.1998, p. 3.
(8) Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7).
(9) Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds (OJ L 20, 26.1.2010, p. 7).
(10) Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) (OJ L 164, 25.6.2008, p. 19).
(11) Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation and repealing Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 (OJ L 150, 9.6.2023, p. 206).
(12) Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on the Common Fisheries Policy, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1954/2003 and (EC) No 1224/2009 and repealing Council Regulations (EC) No 2371/2002 and (EC) No 639/2004 and Council Decision 2004/585/EC (OJ L 354, 28.12.2013, p. 22).
(13) OJ L 104, 3.4.1998, p. 2.
(14) OJ L 73, 16.3.1994, p. 20.
(15) OJ L 240, 19.9.1977, p. 3.
(16) Regulation (EU) 2021/2115 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2 December 2021 establishing rules on support for strategic plans to be drawn up by Member States under the common agricultural policy (CAP Strategic Plans) and financed by the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1305/2013 and (EU) No 1307/2013 (OJ L 435, 6.12.2021, p. 1).
(17) Regulation (EU) 2021/783 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2021 establishing a Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1293/2013 (OJ L 172, 17.5.2021, p. 53).
(18) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1).
(19) Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (OJ L 344, 17.12.2016, p. 1).
(20) Regulation (EU) 2019/1241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on the conservation of fisheries resources and the protection of marine ecosystems through technical measures, amending Council Regulations (EC) No 1967/2006, (EC) No 1224/2009 and Regulations (EU) No 1380/2013, (EU) 2016/1139, (EU) 2018/973, (EU) 2019/472 and (EU) 2019/1022 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Council Regulations (EC) No 894/97, (EC) No 850/98, (EC) No 2549/2000, (EC) No 254/2002, (EC) No 812/2004 and (EC) No 2187/2005 (OJ L 198, 25.7.2019, p. 105).
(21) Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82).
(22) Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1).
(23) Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC (OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58).
(24) Regulation (EU) 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU (OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 69).
(25) Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC (OJ L 41, 14.2.2003, p. 26).
(26) Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) (OJ L 108, 25.4.2007, p. 1).
(27) Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information (OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 56).
(28) Regulation (EU) 2021/240 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 February 2021 establishing a Technical Support Instrument (OJ L 57, 18.2.2021, p. 1).
(29) Regulation (EU) 2021/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2021 establishing the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund and amending Regulation (EU) 2017/1004 (OJ L 247, 13.7.2021, p. 1).
(30) Regulation (EU) 2020/2220 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 December 2020 laying down certain transitional provisions for support from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) in the years 2021 and 2022 and amending Regulations (EU) No 1305/2013, (EU) No 1306/2013 and (EU) No 1307/2013 as regards resources and application in the years 2021 and 2022 and Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 as regards resources and the distribution of such support in respect of the years 2021 and 2022 (OJ L 437, 28.12.2020, p. 1).
(31) Regulation (EU) 2021/1058 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 on the European Regional Development Fund and on the Cohesion Fund (OJ L 231, 30.6.2021, p. 60).
(32) Regulation (EU) 2021/1056 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 establishing the Just Transition Fund (OJ L 231, 30.6.2021, p. 1).
(33) Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013 (OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 1).
(34) Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2093 of 17 December 2020 laying down the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 (OJ L 433 I, 22.12.2020, p. 11).
(35) Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility (OJ L 57, 18.2.2021, p. 17).
(36) Regulation (EU) 2021/523 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 establishing the InvestEU Programme and amending Regulation (EU) 2015/1017 (OJ L 107, 26.3.2021, p. 30).
(37) OJ L 124, 17.5.2005, p. 4.
(38) Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030 (OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22).
(39) OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1.
(40) Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13).
(41) Regulation (EU) 2022/869 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2009, (EU) 2019/942 and (EU) 2019/943 and Directives 2009/73/EC and (EU) 2019/944, and repealing Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 (OJ L 152, 3.6.2022, p. 45).
(42) OJ L 179, 23.6.1998, p. 3.
(43) Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1).
(44) Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (OJ L 197, 21.7.2001, p. 30).
(45) Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (OJ L 26, 28.1.2012, p. 1).
(46) Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network and repealing Decision No 661/2010/EU (OJ L 348, 20.12.2013, p. 1).
(47) Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ L 288, 6.11.2007, p. 27).
ANNEX I
TERRESTRIAL, COASTAL AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4(1) AND (4)
The list below includes all terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitat types listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC referred to in Article 4(1) and (4), as well as six groups of those habitat types, namely 1) wetlands (coastal and inland), 2) grasslands and other pastoral habitats, 3) river, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats, 4) forests, 5) steppe, heath and scrub habitats and 6) rocky and dune habitats.
1. GROUP 1: Wetlands (coastal & inland)
Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Coastal and salt habitats
1130
Estuaries
1140
Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
1150
Coastal lagoons
1310
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
1320
Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae)
1330
Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)
1340
Inland salt meadows
1410
Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)
1420
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi)
1530
Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
1650
Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
Wet heaths and peat grassland
4010
Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
4020
Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
6460
Peat grasslands of Troodos
Mires, bogs and fens
7110
Active raised bogs
7120
Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
7130
Blanket bogs
7140
Transition mires and quaking bogs
7150
Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
7160
Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
7210
Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
7220
Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)
7230
Alkaline fens
7240
Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
7310
Aapa mires
7320
Palsa mires
Wet forests
9080
Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
91D0
Bog woodland
2. GROUP 2: Grasslands and other pastoral habitats
Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Costal and dune habitats
1630
Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
21A0
Machairs
Heath and scrub habitats
4030
European dry heaths
4040
Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
4090
Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
5130
Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
8240
Limestone pavements
Grasslands
6110
Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
6120
Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
6130
Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
6140
Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
6150
Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
6160
Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
6170
Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
6180
Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
6190
Rupicolous pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis)
6210
Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)
6220
Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
6230
Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)
6240
Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
6250
Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
6260
Pannonic sand steppes
6270
Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
6280
Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
62A0
Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae)
62B0
Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus
62C0
Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
62D0
Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands
6410
Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)
6420
Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
6510
Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
6520
Mountain hay meadows
Dehesas and wooded meadows
6310
Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
6530
Fennoscandian wooded meadows
9070
Fennoscandian wooded pastures
3. GROUP 3: River, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats
Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Rivers and lakes
3110
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae)
3120
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
3130
Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3140
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
3150
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
3160
Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
3170
Mediterranean temporary ponds
3180
Turloughs
3190
Lakes of gypsum karst
31A0
Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds
3210
Fennoscandian natural rivers
3220
Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
3230
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
3240
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
3250
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
3260
Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
3270
Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
3280
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
3290
Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
32A0
Tufa cascades of karstic rivers of the Dinaric Alps
Alluvial meadows
6430
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
6440
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450
Northern boreal alluvial meadows
6540
Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini
Alluvial/Riparian forests
9160
Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
91E0
Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
91F0
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)
92A0
Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
92B0
Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others
92C0
Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis)
92D0
Southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae)
9370
Palm groves of Phoenix
4. GROUP 4: Forests
Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Boreal forests
9010
Western Taïga
9020
Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes
9030
Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
9040
Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
9050
Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
9060
Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers
Temperate forests
9110
Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
9120
Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion)
9130
Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
9140
Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
9150
Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
9170
Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
9180
Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
9190
Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
91A0
Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
91B0
Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
91G0
Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
91H0
Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
91I0
Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
91J0
Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
91K0
Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion)
91L0
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion)
91M0
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak – sessile oak forests
91P0
Holy Cross fir forest (Abietetum polonicum)
91Q0
Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
91R0
Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests (Genisto januensis-Pinetum)
91S0
Western Pontic beech forests
91T0
Central European lichen Scots pine forests
91U0
Sarmatic steppe pine forest
91V0
Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion)
91W0
Moesian beech forests
91X0
Dobrogean beech forests
91Y0
Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
91Z0
Moesian silver lime woods
91AA
Eastern white oak woods
91BA
Moesian silver fir forests
91CA
Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests
Mediterranean and Macaronesian forests
9210
Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
9220
Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
9230
Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
9240
Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
9250
Quercus trojana woods
9260
Castanea sativa woods
9270
Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
9280
Quercus frainetto woods
9290
Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression)
9310
Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
9320
Olea and Ceratonia forests
9330
Quercus suber forests
9340
Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
9350
Quercus macrolepis forests
9360
Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)
9380
Forests of Ilex aquifolium
9390
Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia
93A0
Woodlands with Quercus infectoria (Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae)
Mountainous coniferous forests
9410
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
9420
Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
9430
Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests
9510
Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
9520
Abies pinsapo forests
9530
(Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
9540
Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
9550
Canarian endemic pine forests
9560
Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
9570
Tetraclinis articulata forests
9580
Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
9590
Cedrus brevifolia forests (Cedrosetum brevifoliae)
95A0
High oro-Mediterranean pine forests
5. GROUP 5: Steppe, heath and scrub habitats
Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Salt and gypsum steppes
1430
Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea)
1510
Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia)
1520
Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalia)
Temperate heath and scrub
4050
Endemic macaronesian heaths
4060
Alpine and Boreal heaths
4070
Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)
4080
Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub
40A0
Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
40B0
Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
40C0
Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
Sclerophyllous scrub (matorral)
5110
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.)
5120
Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
5140
Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
5210
Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
5220
Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
5230
Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
5310
Laurus nobilis thickets
5320
Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
5330
Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
5410
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae)
5420
Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
5430
Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion
6. GROUP 6: Rocky and dune habitats
Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Sea cliffs, beaches, and islets
1210
Annual vegetation of drift lines
1220
Perennial vegetation of stony banks
1230
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
1240
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
1250
Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
1610
Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation
1620
Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
1640
Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
Coastal and inland dunes
2110
Embryonic shifting dunes
2120
Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’)
2130
Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (‘grey dunes’)
2140
Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
2150
Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea)
2160
Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
2170
Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)
2180
Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
2190
Humid dune slacks
2210
Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes
2220
Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
2230
Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
2240
Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
2250
Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
2260
Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
2270
Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster
2310
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
2320
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
2330
Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
2340
Pannonic inland dunes
91N0
Pannonic inland sand dune thicket (Junipero-Populetum albae)
Rocky habitats
8110
Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)
8120
Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)
8130
Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
8140
Eastern Mediterranean screes
8150
Medio-European upland siliceous screes
8160
Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
8210
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8220
Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8230
Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
8310
Caves not open to the public
8320
Fields of lava and natural excavations
8340
Permanent glaciers
ANNEX II
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(1) AND (2)
The list below includes the marine habitat types referred to in Article 5(1) and (2), as well as seven groups of those habitat types, namely 1) seagrass beds, 2) macroalgal forests, 3) shellfish beds, 4) maerl beds, 5) sponge, coral and coralligenous beds, 6) vents and seeps and 7) soft sediments (not deeper than 1 000 metres of depth). The relation with the habitat types listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC is also presented.
The classification of marine habitat types used, differentiated by marine biogeographical regions, is made according to the European nature information system (EUNIS), as revised for the marine habitats typology in 2022 by the EEA. The information on the related habitats listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC is based on the crosswalk published by the EEA in 2021 (1).
1. Group 1: Seagrass beds
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA522
Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral sand
1140; 1160
MA623
Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral mud
1140; 1160
MB522
Seagrass beds on Atlantic infralittoral sand
1110; 1150; 1160
Baltic Sea
MA332
Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged vegetation
1130; 1160; 1610; 1620
MA432
Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged vegetation
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA532
Baltic hydrolittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA632
Baltic hydrolittoral mud dominated by submerged rooted plants
1130; 1140; 1160; 1650
MB332
Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants
1110; 1160
MB432
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants
1110; 1160; 1650
MB532
Baltic infralittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB632
Baltic infralittoral mud sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants
1130; 1150; 1160; 1650
Black Sea
MB546
Seagrass and rhizomatous algal meadows in Black Sea freshwater influenced infralittoral muddy sands
1110; 1130; 1160
MB547
Black Sea seagrass meadows on moderately exposed upper infralittoral clean sands
1110; 1160
MB548
Black Sea seagrass meadows on lower infralittoral sands
1110; 1160
Mediterranean Sea
MB252
Biocenosis of Posidonia oceanica
1120
MB2521
Ecomorphosis of striped Posidonia oceanica meadows
1120; 1130; 1160
MB2522
Ecomorphosis of ‘barrier-reef’Posidonia oceanica meadows
1120; 1130; 1160
MB2523
Facies of dead ‘mattes’ of Posidonia oceanica without much epiflora
1120; 1130; 1160
MB2524
Association with Caulerpa prolifera on Posidonia beds
1120; 1130; 1160
MB5521
Association with Cymodocea nodosa on well sorted fine sands
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5534
Association with Cymodocea nodosa on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5535
Association with Zostera noltei on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5541
Association with Ruppia cirrhosa and/or Ruppia maritima on sand
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5544
Association with Zostera noltei in euryhaline and eurythermal environment on sand
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5545
Association with Zostera marina in euryhaline and eurythermal environment
1110; 1130; 1160
2. Group 2: Macroalgal forests
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA123
Seaweed communities on full salinity Atlantic littoral rock
1160; 1170; 1130
MA125
Fucoids on variable salinity Atlantic littoral rock
1170; 1130
MB121
Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1160
MB123
Kelp and seaweed communities on sediment-affected or disturbed Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1160
MB124
Kelp communities on variable salinity Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1130; 1160
MB321
Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment
1160
MB521
Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral sand
1160
MB621
Vegetated communities on Atlantic infralittoral mud
1160
Baltic Sea
MA131
Baltic hydrolittoral rock and boulders characterised by perennial algae
1160; 1170; 1130; 1610; 1620
MB131
Perennial algae on Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders
1170; 1160
MB232
Baltic infralittoral bottoms characterised by shell gravel
1160; 1110
MB333
Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by perennial algae
1110; 1160
MB433
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by perennial algae
1110; 1130; 1160; 1170
Black Sea
MB144
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales
1170; 1160
MB149
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales
1170; 1160
MB14A
Fucales and other algae on Black Sea sheltered upper infralittoral rock, well illuminated
1170; 1160
Mediterranean Sea
MA1548
Association with Fucus virsoides
1160; 1170
MB1512
Association with Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Saccorhiza polyschides
1170; 1160
MB1513
Association with Cystoseira amentacea (var. amentacea, var. stricta, var. spicata)
1170; 1160
MB151F
Association with Cystoseira brachycarpa
1170; 1160
MB151G
Association with Cystoseira crinita
1170; 1160
MB151H
Association with Cystoseira crinitophylla
1170; 1160
MB151J
Association with Cystoseira sauvageauana
1170; 1160
MB151K
Association with Cystoseira spinosa
1170; 1160
MB151L
Association with Sargassum vulgare
1170; 1160
MB151M
Association with Dictyopteris polypodioides
1170; 1160
MB151W
Association with Cystoseira compressa
1170; 1160
MB1524
Association with Cystoseira barbata
1170; 1160
MC1511
Association with Cystoseira zosteroides
1170; 1160
MC1512
Association with Cystoseira usneoides
1170; 1160
MC1513
Association with Cystoseira dubia
1170; 1160
MC1514
Association with Cystoseira corniculata
1170; 1160
MC1515
Association with Sargassum spp.
1170; 1160
MC1518
Association with Laminaria ochroleuca
1170; 1160
MC3517
Association with Laminaria rodriguezii on detritic beds
1160
3. Group 3: Shellfish beds
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA122
Mytilus edulis and/or barnacle communities on wave-exposed Atlantic littoral rock
1160; 1170
MA124
Mussel and/or barnacle communities with seaweeds on Atlantic littoral rock
1160; 1170
MA227
Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic littoral zone
1170; 1140
MB222
Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic infralittoral zone
1170; 1130; 1160
MC223
Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone
1170
Baltic Sea
MB231
Baltic infralittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves
1170; 1160
MC231
Baltic circalittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves
1170; 1160; 1110
MD231
Baltic offshore circalittoral biogenic bottoms characterised by epibenthic bivalves
1170
MD232
Baltic offshore circalittoral shell gravel bottoms characterised by bivalves
1170
MD431
Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed bottoms characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures
MD531
Baltic offshore circalittoral sand characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures
MD631
Baltic offshore circalittoral mud characterised by epibenthic bivalves
Black Sea
MB141
Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea lower infralittoral rock
1170
MB143
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (no Fucales)
1170; 1160
MB148
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (other than Fucales)
1170; 1160
MB242
Mussel beds in the Black Sea infralittoral zone
1170; 1130; 1160
MB243
Oyster reefs on Black Sea lower infralittoral rock
1170
MB642
Black Sea infralittoral terrigenous muds
1160
MC141
Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea circalittoral rock
1170
MC241
Mussel beds on Black Sea circalittoral terrigenous muds
1170
MC645
Black Sea lower circalittoral mud
Mediterranean Sea
MA1544
Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis in waters enriched in organic matter
1160; 1170
MB1514
Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis
1170; 1160
Mediterranean infralittoral oyster beds
Mediterranean circalittoral oyster beds
4. Group 4: Maerl beds
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MB322
Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MB421
Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1160
MB622
Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral muddy sediment
1110; 1160
Mediterranean Sea
MB3511
Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels mixed by waves
1110; 1160
MB3521
Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels under the influence of bottom currents
1110; 1160
MB3522
Association with maerl (= Association with Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum) on Mediterranean coarse sands and gravel
1110; 1160
MC3521
Association with rhodolithes on coastal detritic bottoms
1110
MC3523
Association with maerl (Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatholithon calcareum) on coastal dendritic bottoms
1110
5. Group 5: Sponge, coral and coralligenous beds
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MC121
Faunal turf communities on Atlantic circalittoral rock
1170
MC124
Faunal communities on variable salinity Atlantic circalittoral rock
1170; 1130
MC126
Communities of Atlantic circalittoral caves and overhangs
8330; 1170
MC222
Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone
1170
MD121
Sponge communities on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock
1170
MD221
Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic offshore circalittoral zone
1170
ME122
Sponge communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock
1170
ME123
Mixed cold water coral communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock
1170
ME221
Atlantic upper bathyal cold water coral reef
1170
ME322
Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME324
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME422
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment
ME623
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mud
ME624
Erect coral field on Atlantic upper bathyal mud
MF121
Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal rock
1170
MF221
Atlantic lower bathyal cold water coral reef
1170
MF321
Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment
MF622
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
MF623
Erect coral field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud
Baltic Sea
MB138
Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges
1170; 1160
MB43A
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges (Porifera)
1160; 1170
MC133
Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic cnidarians
1170; 1160
MC136
Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges
1170; 1160
MC433
Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic cnidarians
1160; 1170
MC436
Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges
1160
Black Sea
MD24
Black Sea offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats
1170
ME14
Black Sea upper bathyal rock
1170
ME24
Black Sea upper bathyal biogenic habitat
1170
MF14
Black Sea lower bathyal rock
1170
Mediterranean Sea
MB151E
Facies with Cladocora caespitosa
1170; 1160
MB151Q
Facies with Astroides calycularis
1170; 1160
MB151α
Facies and association of coralligenous biocenosis (in enclave)
1170; 1160
MC1519
Facies with Eunicella cavolini
1170; 1160
MC151A
Facies with Eunicella singularis
1170; 1160
MC151B
Facies with Paramuricea clavata
1170; 1160
MC151E
Facies with Leptogorgia sarmentosa
1170; 1160
MC151F
Facies with Anthipatella subpinnata and sparse red algae
1170; 1160
MC151G
Facies with massive sponges and sparse red algae
1170; 1160
MC1522
Facies with Corallium rubrum
8330; 1170
MC1523
Facies with Leptopsammia pruvoti
8330; 1170
MC251
Coralligenous platforms
1170
MC6514
Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on circalittoral mud
1160
MD151
Biocenosis of Mediterranean shelf-edge rock
1170
MD25
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats
1170
MD6512
Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on lower circalittoral mud
ME1511
Mediterranean upper bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
ME1512
Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs
1170
ME1513
Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
ME6514
Mediterranean upper bathyal facies of with Pheronema carpenteri
MF1511
Mediterranean lower bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
MF1512
Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs
1170
MF1513
Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
MF6511
Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of sandy muds with Thenea muricata
MF6513
Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of compact muds with Isidella elongata
6. Group 6: Vents and seeps
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MB128
Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1160; 1180
MB627
Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral mud
1130; 1160
MC127
Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral rock
1170; 1180
MC622
Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral mud
1160
MD122
Vents and seeps on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock
1170
MD622
Vents and seeps in Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud
7. Group 7: Soft sediments (not deeper than 1 000 metres of depth)
EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA32
Atlantic littoral coarse sediment
1130; 1160
MA42
Atlantic littoral mixed sediment
1130; 1140; 1160
MA52
Atlantic littoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160
MA62
Atlantic littoral mud
1130; 1140; 1160
MB32
Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1130; 1160
MB42
Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB52
Atlantic infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB62
Atlantic infralittoral mud
1110; 1130; 1160
MC32
Atlantic circalittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MC42
Atlantic circalittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1160
MC52
Atlantic circalittoral sand
1110; 1160
MC62
Atlantic circalittoral mud
1160
MD32
Atlantic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD42
Atlantic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD52
Atlantic offshore circalittoral sand
MD62
Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud
ME32
Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME42
Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment
ME52
Atlantic upper bathyal sand
ME62
Atlantic upper bathyal mud
MF32
Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment
MF42
Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment
MF52
Atlantic lower bathyal sand
MF62
Atlantic lower bathyal mud
Baltic Sea
MA33
Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment
1130; 1160; 1610; 1620
MA43
Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA53
Baltic hydrolittoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA63
Baltic hydrolittoral mud
1130; 1140; 1160; 1650
MB33
Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1150; 1160
MB43
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160; 1170; 1650
MB53
Baltic infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB63
Baltic infralittoral mud
1130; 1150; 1160; 1650
MC33
Baltic circalittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MC43
Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment
1160; 1170
MC53
Baltic circalittoral sand
1110; 1160
MC63
Baltic circalittoral mud
1160; 1650
MD33
Baltic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD43
Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD53
Baltic offshore circalittoral sand
MD63
Baltic offshore circalittoral mud
Black Sea
MA34
Black Sea littoral coarse sediment
1160
MA44
Black Sea littoral mixed sediment
1130; 1140; 1160
MA54
Black Sea littoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160
MA64
Black Sea littoral mud
1130; 1140; 1160
MB34
Black Sea infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MB44
Black Sea infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1170
MB54
Black Sea infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1160
MB64
Black Sea infralittoral mud
1130; 1160
MC34
Black Sea circalittoral coarse sediment
1160
MC44
Black Sea circalittoral mixed sediment
MC54
Black Sea circalittoral sand
1160
MC64
Black Sea circalittoral mud
1130; 1160
MD34
Black Sea offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD44
Black Sea offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD54
Black Sea offshore circalittoral sand
MD64
Black Sea offshore circalittoral mud
Mediterranean Sea
MA35
Mediterranean littoral coarse sediment
1160; 1130
MA45
Mediterranean littoral mixed sediment
1140; 1160
MA55
Mediterranean littoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160
MA65
Mediterranean littoral mud
1130; 1140; 1150; 1160
MB35
Mediterranean infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MB45
Mediterranean infralittoral mixed sediment
MB55
Mediterranean infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB65
Mediterranean infralittoral mud
1130; 1150
MC35
Mediterranean circalittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MC45
Mediterranean circalittoral mixed sediment
MC55
Mediterranean circalittoral sand
1110; 1160
MC65
Mediterranean circalittoral mud
1130; 1160
MD35
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
MD45
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mixed sediment
MD55
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral sand
MD65
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mud
ME35
Mediterranean upper bathyal coarse sediment
ME45
Mediterranean upper bathyal mixed sediment
ME55
Mediterranean upper bathyal sand
ME65
Mediterranean upper bathyal mud
MF35
Mediterranean lower bathyal coarse sediment
MF45
Mediterranean lower bathyal mixed sediment
MF55
Mediterranean lower bathyal sand
MF65
Mediterranean lower bathyal mud
(1) EUNIS marine habitat classification 2022. European Environment Agency https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1.
ANNEX III
MARINE SPECIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(5)
(1)
dwarf sawfish (Pristis clavata);
(2)
smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata);
(3)
largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis);
(4)
basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and white shark (Carcharodon carcharias);
(5)
smooth lantern shark (Etmopterus pusillus);
(6)
reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi);
(7)
giant manta ray (Mobula birostris);
(8)
devil fish (Mobula mobular);
(9)
lesser Guinean devil ray (Mobula rochebrunei);
(10)
spinetail mobula (Mobula japanica);
(11)
smoothtail mobula (Mobula thurstoni);
(12)
longhorned mobula (Mobula eregoodootenkee);
(13)
Chilean devil ray (Mobula tarapacana);
(14)
shortfin devil ray (Mobula kuhlii);
(15)
lesser devil ray (Mobula hypostoma);
(16)
Norwegian skate (Dipturus nidarosiensis);
(17)
white skate (Rostroraja alba);
(18)
guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae);
(19)
angel shark (Squatina squatina);
(20)
salmon (Salmo salar);
(21)
sea trout (Salmo trutta);
(22)
houting (Coregonus oxyrhynchus).
ANNEX IV
LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 11(2)
Indicator
Description, units, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator
Grassland butterfly index
Description: This indicator is composed of species considered to be characteristic of European grasslands and which occur in a large part of Europe, covered by the majority of the Butterfly Monitoring Schemes. It is based on the geometric mean of species trends.
Unit: Index.
Methodology: as developed and used by Butterfly Conservation Europe, Van Swaay, C.A.M, Assessing Butterflies in Europe - Butterfly Indicators 1990-2018, Technical report, Butterfly Conservation Europe, 2020.
Stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soils
Description: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soils at a depth of 0 to 30 cm.
Unit: Tonnes of organic carbon/ha.
Methodology: as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Share of agricultural land with high-diversity landscape features
Description: High-diversity landscape features, such as buffer strips, hedgerows, individual or groups of trees, tree rows, field margins, patches, ditches, streams, small wetlands, terraces, cairns, stonewalls, small ponds and cultural features, are elements of permanent natural or semi-natural vegetation present in an agricultural context which provide ecosystem services and support for biodiversity.
In order to do so, landscape features need to be subject to as little negative external disturbances as possible to provide safe habitats for various taxa, and therefore need to comply with the following conditions:
(a)
they cannot be under productive agricultural use (including grazing or fodder production), unless such use is necessary for the preservation of biodiversity; and
(b)
they should not receive fertilizer or pesticide treatment, except for low input treatment with solid manure.
Land lying fallow, including temporarily, can be considered as high diversity landscape features if it complies with criteria set out under (a) and (b) of the second paragraph. Productive trees part of sustainable agroforestry systems or trees in extensive old orchards on permanent grassland and productive elements in hedges can also be considered as high diversity landscape features, if they comply with criterion set out under (b) of the second paragraph, and if harvests take place only at moments where it would not compromise high biodiversity levels.
Unit: Percent (share of Utilised Agricultural Area).
Methodology: as developed under indicator I.21, Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/2115, as based on latest updated version of LUCAS for landscape elements, Ballin M. et al., Redesign sample for Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS), Eurostat 2018, and for land laying fallow, Farm Structure, Reference Metadata in Single Integrated Metadata Structure, online publication, Eurostat and, where applicable, for high diversity landscape features not covered by the methodology above, methodology developed by Member States in accordance with Article 14(7) of this Regulation.
The LUCAS methodology is updated on a regular basis to enhance the reliability of the data used in the Union and, at national level, by Member States when implementing their national restoration plans.
ANNEX V
COMMON FARMLAND BIRD INDEX AT NATIONAL LEVEL
Description
The common farmland bird index summarises population trends of common and widespread birds of farmland and is intended as a proxy to assess the biodiversity status of agricultural ecosystems in Europe. The national common farmland bird index is a composite, multispecies index that measures the rate of change in the relative abundance of farmland bird species across selected survey sites at national level. That index is based on specially selected species that are dependent on farmland habitats for feeding or nesting, or both. National common farmland bird indices are based on species sets that are relevant to each Member State. The national common farmland bird index is calculated with reference to a base year when the index value is typically set at 100. Trend values express the overall population change in the population size of the constituent farmland birds over a period of years.
Methodology: Brlík et al. (2021): Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds. Sci Data 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00804-2
‘Member States with historically more depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where half or more species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.
These Member States are:
Czechia
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Spain
France
Italy
Luxembourg
Hungary
Netherlands
Finland
‘Member States with historically less depleted populations of farmland birds’ means Member States where less than half of species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States, where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.
These Member States are:
Belgium
Bulgaria
Ireland
Greece
Croatia
Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Malta
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Sweden
List of species used for the common farmland bird index in the Member States
Belgium - Flanders
Belgium - Wallonia
Alauda arvensis
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Anthus pratensis
Emberiza citrinella
Corvus frugilegus
Falco tinnunculus
Emberiza citrinella
Haematopus ostralegus
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Hirundo rustica
Limosa limosa
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabin
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla flava
Miliaria calandra
Numenius arquata
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Passer montanus
Perdix perdi
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola torquatus
Sylvia communis
Streptopelia turtur
Vanellus vanellus
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Bulgaria
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis carduelis
Coturnix coturnix
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Perdix perdix
Passer montanus
Sylvia communis
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Upupa epops
Czechia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Denmark
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Corvus corone
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Gallinago gallinago
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Sylvia communis
Sylvia curruca
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus
Germany
Alauda arvensis
Athene noctua
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Limosa limosa
Lullula arborea
Miliaria calandra
Milvus milvus
Saxicola rubetra
Vanellus vanellus
Estonia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Ireland
Carduelis carduelis
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Corvus cornix
Corvus frugilegus
Corvus monedula
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Fringilla coelebs
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla alba
Passer domesticus
Phasianus colchicus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Sturnus vulgaris
Greece
Alauda arvensis
Apus apus
Athene noctua
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus corone
Corvus monedula
Delichon urbicum
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco naumanni
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo daurica
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Lanius senator
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Melanocorypha calandra
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe hispanica
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer domesticus
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia melanocephala
Upupa epops
Spain
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Athene noctua
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Cisticola juncidis
Corvus monedula
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Linaria cannabina
Melanocorypha calandra
Merops apiaster
Oenanthe hispanica
Passer domesticus
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Pterocles orientalis
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Tetrax tetrax
Upupa epops
France
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Anthus campestris
Anthus pratensis
Buteo buteo
Corvus frugilegus
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe oenanthe
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola rubetra
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Croatia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis carduelis
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Lanius senator
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe hispanica
Oriolus oriolus
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia turtur
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Italy
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Corvus cornix
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Luscinia megarhynchos
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Oriolus oriolus
Passer domesticus italiae
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Sturnus vulgaris
Upupa epops
Cyprus
Alectoris chukar
Athene noctua
Carduelis carduelis
Cisticola juncidis
Clamator glandarius
Columba palumbus
Coracias garrulus
Corvus corone cornix
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Francolinus francolinus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Iduna pallida
Linaria cannabina
Oenanthe cypriaca
Parus major
Passer hispaniolensis
Pica pica
Streptopelia turtur
Sylvia conspicillata
Sylvia melanocephala
Latvia
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Carpodacus erythrinus
Ciconia ciconia
Crex crex
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Locustella naevia
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Lithuania
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Ciconia ciconia
Crex crex
Emberiza citrinella
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Luxembourg
Alauda arvensis
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Sylvia communis
Hungary
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Locustella naevia
Merops apiaster
Motacilla flava
Perdix perdix
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Sylvia nisoria
Vanellus vanellus
Malta
Calandrella brachydactyla
Linaria cannabina
Cettia cetti
Cisticola juncidis
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Lanius senator
Monticola solitarius
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia conspicillata
Sylvia melanocephala
Netherlands
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Athene noctua
Calidris pugnax
Carduelis carduelis
Corvus frugilegus
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Gallinago gallinago
Haematopus ostralegus
Hippolais icterina
Hirundo rustica
Limosa limosa
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla fl ava
Numenius arquata
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Spatula clypeata
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Tringa totanus
Turdus viscivorus
Vanellus vanellus
Austria
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus spinoletta
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis carduelis
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Miliaria calandra
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus citrinella
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus
Poland
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Ciconia ciconia
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Limosa limosa
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola rubetra
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Portugal
Athene noctua
Bubulcus ibis
Carduelis carduelis
Chloris chloris
Ciconia ciconia
Cisticola juncidis
Coturnix coturnix
Delichon urbicum
Emberiza cirlus
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius meridionalis
Linaria cannabina
Merops apiaster
Miliaria calandra
Milvus migrans
Passer domesticus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Sturnus unicolor
Upupa epops
Romania
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Calandrella brachydactyla
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Linaria cannabina
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Slovenia
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis carduelis
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Picus viridis
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus
Slovakia
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis carduelis
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Locustella naevia
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Sylvia nisoria
Vanellus vanellus
Finland
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus monedula
Crex crex
Delichon urbica
Emberiza hortulana
Hirundo rustica
Numenius arquata
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubertra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus
Sweden
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
ANNEX VI
LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 12(2) AND 12(3)
Indicator
Description, units, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator
Standing deadwood
Description: This indicator shows the amount of non-living standing woody biomass in forest and other wooded land.
Unit: m3/ha.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Lying deadwood
Description: This indicator shows the amount of non-living woody biomass lying on the ground in forest and other wooded land.
Unit: m3/ha.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Share of forests with uneven-aged structure
Description: This indicator refers to the share of forests available for wood supply (FAWS) with uneven-aged structure in forests as compared to even-aged structure in forests.
Unit: Percent of FAWS with uneven-aged structure.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
Forest connectivity
Description: Forest connectivity is the degree of compactness of forest covered areas. It is defined in the range of 0 to 100.
Unit: Index.
Methodology: as developed by FAO, Vogt P., et al., FAO – State of the World’s Forests: Forest Fragmentation, JRC Technical Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019.
Common forest birds index
Description: The forest bird indicator describes trends in the abundance of common forest birds across their European ranges over time. It is a composite index created from observational data of bird species characteristic for forest habitats in Europe. The index is based on a specific list of species in each Member State.
Unit: Index.
Methodology: Brlík et al. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds, Sci Data 8, 21. 2021.
Stock of organic carbon
Description: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in the litter and in the mineral soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm in forest ecosystems.
Unit: Tonnes organic carbon/ha.
Methodology: as set out in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Share of forest dominated by native tree species
Description: Share of forest and other wooded land dominated by (>50 % coverage) native tree species.
Unit: Percent.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
Tree species diversity
Description: This indicator describes the mean number of tree species occurring in forest areas.
Unit: Index.
Methodology: Based on FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
ANNEX VII
LIST OF EXAMPLES OF RESTORATION MEASURES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 14(16)
(1)
Restore wetlands, by rewetting drained peatlands, removing peatland drainage structures or de-poldering and discontinuing peat excavation.
(2)
Improve hydrological conditions by increasing quantity, quality and dynamics of surface waters and groundwater levels for natural and semi-natural ecosystems.
(3)
Remove unwanted scrub encroachment or non-native plantations on grasslands, wetlands, forests and sparsely vegetated land.
(4)
Apply paludiculture.
(5)
Re-establish the meandering of rivers and reconnect artificially cut meanders or oxbow lakes.
(6)
Remove longitudinal and lateral barriers,such as dikes and dams; give more space to river dynamics and restore free-flowing river stretches.
(7)
Re-naturalise riverbeds and lakes and lowland watercourses by, for example. removing artificial bed fixation, optimising substrate composition, improving or developing habitat cover.
(8)
Restore natural sedimentation processes.
(9)
Establish riparian buffers, such as riparian forests, buffer strips, meadows or pastures.
(10)
Increase ecological features in forests, such as large, old and dying trees (habitat trees) and amounts of lying and standing deadwood.
(11)
Work towards a diversified forest structure in terms of, for example, species composition and age, enable natural regeneration and succession of tree species.
(12)
Assist migration of provenances and species where it may be needed due to climate change.
(13)
Enhance forest diversity by restoring mosaics of non-forest habitats such as open patches of grassland or heathland, ponds or rocky areas.
(14)
Make use of ‘close-to-nature’ or ‘continuous cover’ forestry approaches; introduce native tree species.
(15)
Enhance the development of old-growth native forests and mature stands, for example, by abandonment of harvesting or by active management which favours development of autoregulatory functions and appropriate resilience.
(16)
Introduce high-diversity landscape features in arable land and intensively used grassland, such as buffer strips, field margins with native flowers, hedgerows, trees, small forests, terrace walls, ponds, habitat corridors and stepping stones, etc.
(17)
Increase the agricultural area subject to agro-ecological management approaches such as organic agriculture or agro-forestry, multicropping and crop rotation, integrated pest and nutrient management.
(18)
Reduce grazing intensity or mowing regimes on grasslands where relevant and re-establish extensive grazing with domestic livestock and extensive mowing regimes where they were abandoned.
(19)
Stop or reduce the use of chemical pesticides as well as chemical and animal manure fertilisers.
(20)
Stop ploughing grassland and introducing seeds of productive grasses.
(21)
Remove plantations on former dynamic inland dune systems to re-enable natural wind dynamics in favour of open habitats.
(22)
Improve connectivity across habitats to enable the development of populations of species, and to allow for sufficient individual or genetic exchange as well as for species’ migration and adaptation to climate change.
(23)
Allow ecosystems to develop their own natural dynamics for example by abandoning harvesting and promoting naturalness and wilderness.
(24)
Remove and control invasive alien species, and prevent or minimise new introductions.
(25)
Minimise negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem, for example by using gear with less impact on seabed.
(26)
Restore important fish spawning and nursery areas.
(27)
Provide structures or substrates to encourage the return of marine life in support of the restoration of coral, oyster or boulder reefs.
(28)
Restore seagrass meadows and kelp forests by actively stabilising the sea bottom, reducing and, where possible, eliminating pressures or by active propagation and planting.
(29)
Restore or improve the state of characteristic native species population vital to the ecology of marine habitats by conducting passive or active restoration measures, for example, introducing juveniles.
(30)
Reduce various forms of marine pollution, such as nutrient loading, noise pollution and plastic waste.
(31)
Increase urban green spaces with ecological features, such as parks, trees and woodland patches, green roofs, wildflower grasslands, gardens, city horticulture, tree-lined streets, urban meadows and hedges, ponds and watercourses, taking into consideration, inter alia, species diversity, native species, local conditions and resilience to climate change.
(32)
Stop, reduce or remediate pollution from pharmaceuticals, hazardous chemicals, urban and industrial wastewater, and other waste including litter and plastics as well as light in all ecosystems.
(33)
Convert brownfield sites, former industrial areas and quarries into natural sites.
ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1991/oj
ISSN 1977-0677 (electronic edition)