Article 19 — CO2 Emission Standards for Cars and Vans

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from 1 January 2020.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

ANNEX I

PART A

SPECIFIC EMISSIONS TARGETS FOR PASSENGER CARS

For the calendar year 2020, the specific emissions of CO2 for each new passenger car shall, for the purposes of the calculations in this point and in point 2, be determined in accordance with the following formula:

Specific emissions of CO2 = 95 + a · (M – M0)

where:

Mass in running order of the vehicle in kilograms (kg)

1 379,88

0,0333

The specific emissions target for a manufacturer in 2020 shall be calculated as the average of the specific emissions of CO2 determined according to point 1, of each new passenger car registered in that calendar year of which it is the manufacturer.

The specific emissions reference target for a manufacturer in 2021 shall be calculated as follows:

where:

WLTPCO2

is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 and calculated in accordance with the second indent of Article 4(3) of this Regulation, without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Articles 5 and 11 of this Regulation;

NEDCCO2

is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153 and calculated in accordance with the second indent of Article 4(3) of this Regulation, without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Articles 5 and 11 of this Regulation;

NEDC2020target

is the 2020 specific emissions target calculated in accordance with points 1 and 2.

3a.

For a manufacturer for which WLTPCO2 or NEDCCO2 is zero, the specific emission reference target in 2021 shall be NEDC2020target as defined in point 3.

3b.

For a manufacturer that is placing passenger cars on the market of the Union for the first time in any of the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the specific emission reference target in 2021 shall be the average of the specific emissions reference targets determined for all manufacturers in accordance with point 3, weighted according to the number of new passenger cars that were registered for those manufacturers in the Union in 2020.

3c.

Notwithstanding point 3b, where in any of the calendar years 2021 to 2024, a manufacturer is placing passenger cars on the market of the Union for the first time, but that manufacturer was formed by a merger of two or more manufacturers of which at least one was responsible for new passenger cars registered in the Union in 2020, the specific emission reference target in 2021 for the new manufacturer shall be one of the following:

(a)

where two or more of the merging manufacturers were responsible for new passenger cars registered in the Union in 2020, the specific emission reference target in 2021 shall be the average of the specific emission reference targets determined for those manufacturers in accordance with point 3, weighted according to the number of new passenger cars that were registered for those manufacturers in the Union in 2020;

(b)

where only one of the merging manufacturers was responsible for new passenger cars registered in the Union in 2020, the specific emission reference target in 2021 determined in accordance with point 3 for that manufacturer.

3d.

For a pool formed in accordance with Article 6, the WLTP specific emissions reference target shall be determined on the basis of the WLTPCO2, NEDCCO2 and NEDC2020target values calculated for that pool as a whole.

In case of a pool newly formed in the years 2021 to 2024 or a change in membership of a pool that existed in 2020, the WLTP specific emissions reference target shall be calculated on the basis of the WLTPCO2, NEDCCO2 and NEDC2020target values for the new pool as a whole.

For the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the specific emissions target for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

Specific emissions target = WLTPreference target + a [(Mø – M0) – (Mø2020 – M0,2020)]

where:

WLTPreference target

is the 2021 WLTP specific emissions reference target calculated in accordance with point 3;

is 0,0333;

Mø

is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in the relevant target year in kilograms (kg);

is 1 379,88 in 2021 and 1 398,50 in 2022, 2023 and 2024;

Mø2020

is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in 2020 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2020

is 1 379,88 .

Derogation targets in accordance with Article 10(3) or 10(4)
(a)

For a manufacturer that has been granted a derogation in accordance with Article 10(3) from its NEDC based specific emissions target in calendar year 2021, or a derogation in accordance with Article 10(4) from its specific emission targets in any of the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the WLTP based derogation target for those years shall be calculated as follows:

Where:

WLTPCO2

is WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCCO2

is NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCderogationtarget

is the derogation target granted by the Commission pursuant to Article 10(3) or 10(4) as the case may be.

(b)

Notwithstanding point (a), where a manufacturer is granted a derogation in accordance with Article 10(4) from the specific emission targets in any of the calendar years 2021 to 2024, but was not responsible for the registration of new passenger cars in the Union prior to 2021, the derogation target for any of those calendar years shall be calculated in accordance with the formula in point (a), where the following definitions shall apply:

WLTPCO2

is the average value across all individual manufacturers, weighted by the number of new passenger cars registered in 2020, of WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCCO2

is the average value across all individual manufacturers, weighted by the number of new passenger cars registered in 2020, of NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCderogationtarget

is the derogation target calculated in accordance with Article 10(4), in conjunction with Article 6(3) of Regulation (EU) No 63/2011.

(c)

For a manufacturer that has been granted a derogation in accordance with Article 10(4) for any of the calendar years from 2025 to 2028, the specific emissions target (Derogation target2025-2028) shall be calculated as follows:

Derogation target2025-2028 =
·
·Target2021·(1 – reduction factor2025)

For such a manufacturer that was not responsible for the registration of new passenger cars in 2020 or for which WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3 or NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3 is zero, the specific emissions target (Derogation target2025-2028) shall be calculated as follows:

Derogation target2025-2028 =
· Target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2025)

Where:

WLTPCO2,measured

is the average value across all individual manufacturers for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4, weighted by the number of new passenger cars registered in 2020, of WLTPCO2,measured as defined in point 6.0;

WLTPCO2

NEDCCO2

WLTPCO2,ind

is equal to WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCCO2,ind

is equal to NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3;

reduction factor2025

is the reduction referred to in Article 1(4), point (a);

Target2021

is a 45 % reduction on the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2007 of that manufacturer.

From 1 January 2025, the EU fleet-wide targets and the specific emissions targets for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

6.0. EU fleet-wide target2021

EU fleet-wide target2021 is the average, weighted by the number of new passenger cars registered in 2021, of the reference-values2021 determined for each individual manufacturer for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4.

The reference-value2021 shall be determined, for each manufacturer, as follows:

where:

WLTPCO2,measured

is the average, for each manufacturer, of the measured CO2 emissions combined of each new passenger car registered in 2020, as determined and reported in accordance with Article 7a of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153;

NEDC2020,Fleet Target

is 95 g/km;

NEDCCO2

is as defined in point 3;

Mø2021

is the average of the mass in running order of the new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in 2021 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2021

is the average mass in running order in kilograms (kg) of all new passenger cars registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4;

is as defined in point 4.

6.1. ►M5 EU fleet-wide targets for 2025 onwards ◄

6.1.1. EU fleet-wide target for 2025 to 2029

EU fleet-wide target2025 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2025)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021

is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2025

is the reduction specified in point (a) of Article 1(4).

6.1.2. ►M5 EU fleet-wide target for 2030 to 2034 ◄

EU fleet-wide target2030 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2030)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021

is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2030

is the reduction specified in point (a) of Article 1(5).

6.1.3 EU fleet-wide target for 2035 onwards

EU fleet-wide target2035 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2035)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021

is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2035

is as defined in Article 1(5a), point (a).

6.2. ►M5 Specific emissions reference targets ◄

6.2.1. Specific emissions reference targets for 2025 to 2029

The specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2025 + a2025 · (TM – TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2025

is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.1;

a2025

where:

a2021

is the slope of the best fitting straight line established by applying the linear least squares fitting method to the test mass (independent variable) and the specific emissions of CO2 (dependent variable) of each new passenger car registered in 2021;

average emissions2021

is the average of the specific emissions of CO2 of all new passenger cars registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target is calculated in accordance with point 4;

is the average test mass in kilograms (kg) of all new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in the relevant calendar year;

TM0

is 1 650,15 kg in 2025 and 2026 and the value in kilograms (kg) determined in accordance with Article 14(1), point (d), in the other calendar years.

6.3

Specific emissions targets for 2025 onwards

6.3.1

Specific emissions targets for 2025 to 2029:

Specific emissions target = specific emissions reference target · ZLEV factor

where:

specific emissions reference target

is the specific emissions reference target of CO2 determined in accordance with point 6.2.1;

ZLEV factor

is (1 + y – x), unless this sum is larger than 1,05 or lower than 1,0 in which case the ZLEV factor shall be set to 1,05 or 1,0, as the case may be;

where:

is the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the manufacturer’s fleet of new passenger cars calculated as the total number of new zero- and low-emission vehicles, where each of them is counted as ZLEVspecific in accordance with the following formula, divided by the total number of new passenger cars registered in the relevant calendar year:

ZLEVspecific = 1 –

For new passenger cars registered in Member States with a share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in their fleet below 60 % of the Union average in the year 2017 and with less than 1 000 new zero- and low-emission vehicles registered in the year 2017 ( 6 ), ZLEVspecific shall, until and including 2029, be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

ZLEVspecific =

Where the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in a Member State’s fleet of new passenger cars registered in a year between 2025 and 2028 exceeds 5 %, that Member State shall not be eligible for the application of the multiplier of 1,85 in the subsequent years;

is 25 % in the years 2025 to 2029.

6.3.2

Specific emissions targets for 2030 to 2034

Specific emissions target = EU fleet-wide target2030 + a2030 · (TM-TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2030

is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.2;

a2030

where:

a2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

average emissions2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

TM0

is as defined in point 6.2.1

6.3.3

Specific emissions targets for 2035 onwards

Specific emissions target = EU fleet-wide target2035 + a2035 · (TM-TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2035

is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.3;

a2035

where:

a2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

average emissions2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

TM0

is as defined in point 6.2.1.

PART B

SPECIFIC EMISSIONS TARGETS FOR LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

For the calendar year 2020, the specific emissions of CO2 for each new light commercial vehicle shall, for the purposes of the calculations in this point and in point 2, be determined in accordance with the following formula:

Specific emissions of CO2 = 147 + a · (M – M0)

where:

Mass in running order of the vehicle in kilograms (kg)

1 766,4

0,096

The specific emissions target for a manufacturer in 2020 shall be calculated as the average of the specific emissions of CO2 determined according to point 1 of each new light commercial vehicle registered in that calendar year of which it is the manufacturer.

The specific emissions reference target for a manufacturer in 2021 shall be calculated as follows:

where:

WLTPCO2

is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Article 11 of this Regulation;

NEDCCO2

is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1152, without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Article 11 of this Regulation;

NEDC2020target

is the 2020 specific emissions target calculated in accordance with points 1 and 2.

3a.

For a manufacturer for which WLTPCO2 or NEDCCO2 is zero, the specific emission reference target in 2021 shall be NEDC2020target as defined in point 3.

3b.

For a manufacturer that is placing light commercial vehicles on the market of the Union for the first time in any of the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the specific emission reference target in 2021 shall be the average of the specific emissions reference targets determined for all manufacturers in accordance with point 3, weighted according to the number of new light commercial vehicles that were registered for those manufacturers in the Union in 2020.

3c.

Notwithstanding point 3b, where in any of the calendar years 2021 to 2024, a manufacturer is placing light commercial vehicles on the market of the Union for the first time, but that manufacturer was formed by a merger of two or more manufacturers of which at least one was responsible for new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in 2020, the specific emission reference target in 2021 for the new manufacturer shall be one of the following:

(a)

where two or more of the merging manufacturers were responsible for new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in 2020, the specific emission reference target in 2021 shall be the average of the specific emission reference targets determined for those manufacturers in accordance with point 3, weighted according to the number of new light commercial vehicles that were registered for those manufacturers in the Union in 2020;

(b)

where only one of the merging manufacturers was responsible for new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in 2020, the specific emission reference target in 2021 determined in accordance with point 3 for that manufacturer.

3d.

For the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the specific emissions target for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

Specific emissions target = WLTPreference target + a [(Mø – M0) – (Mø2020 – M0,2020)]

where:

WLTPreference target

is the 2021 WLTP specific emissions reference target calculated in accordance with point 3;

is 0,096;

Mø

is the average of the mass (M) of the new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in the relevant target year in kilograms (kg):

where:

—
in the case of a complete vehicle, M is the mass in running order of that vehicle
—
in the case of a complete base vehicle related to a completed vehicle, M is the mass in running order of that base vehicle
—
in the case of an incomplete base vehicle related to a completed vehicle, M is the monitoring mass (Mmon) of that base vehicle, determined in accordance with the following formula:

Mmon = MRObase x B0

where:

MRObase

is the mass in running order of the base vehicle concerned

is as defined in point 1.2.4(a) of Part A of Annex III;

is 1 766,4 in 2020, 1 825,23 in 2021, 2022 and 2023, and 1 875,07 in 2024;

Mø2020

is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in 2020 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2020

is 1 766,4 .

For a manufacturer that has been granted a derogation with regard to a specific NEDC based emissions target in 2021, the WLTP based derogation target shall be calculated as follows:

where:

WLTPCO2

is WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCCO2

is NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDC2021target

is the 2021 derogation target granted by the Commission pursuant to Article 10.

From 1 January 2025, the EU fleet-wide targets and the specific emissions targets for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

6.0. EU fleet-wide target2021

EU fleet-wide target2021 is the average, weighted by the number of new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021, of the reference-values2021 determined for each individual manufacturer for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4.

The reference-value2021 shall be determined, for each manufacturer, as follows:

where:

WLTPCO2,measured

is the average, for each manufacturer, of the measured CO2 emissions combined of each new light commercial vehicle registered in 2020, as determined and reported in accordance with Article 7a of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1152;

NEDC2020,Fleet Target

is 147 g/km;

NEDCCO2

is as defined in point 3;

Mø2021

is the average of the mass in running order of the new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in 2021 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2021

is the average mass in running order in kilograms (kg) of all new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4;

is as defined in point 4.

6.1. ►M5 EU fleet-wide targets for 2025 onwards ◄

6.1.1. EU fleet-wide target for 2025 to 2029

EU fleet-wide target2025 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2025)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021

is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2025

is the reduction specified in point (b) of Article 1(4).

6.1.2. ►M5 EU fleet-wide targets for 2030 to 2034 ◄

EU fleet-wide target2030 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2030)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021

is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2030

is the reduction specified in point (b) of Article 1(5).

6.1.3 EU fleet-wide targets for 2035 onwards

EU fleet-wide target2035 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2035)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021

is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2035

is as defined in Article 1(5a), point (b).

6.2. Specific emissions reference targets from 2025 onwards

6.2.1. Specific emissions reference targets for 2025 to 2029

The specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2025 + α · (TM – TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2025

is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.1;

is a2025 where the average test mass of a manufacturer's new light commercial vehicles is equal to or lower than TM0 determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1) and a2021 where the average test mass of a manufacturer's new light commercial vehicles is higher than TM0 determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1);

where:

a2025

a2021

average emissions2021

is the average of the specific emissions of CO2 of all new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target is calculated in accordance with point 4;

is the average test mass in kilograms (kg) of all new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in the relevant calendar year.

In the case of a complete base vehicle related to a completed vehicle, the test mass to be considered is the test mass of that base vehicle.

In the case of an incomplete base vehicle related to a completed vehicle, the test mass value to be considered is the value DMbase determined in accordance with Annex III, Part A, point 1.2.4.(a);

TM0

is 2 161,13 kg in 2025 and 2026 and the value in kilograms (kg) determined in accordance with Article 14(1), point (d), in the other calendar years.

6.2.2 Specific emissions reference targets for 2030 to 2034

Specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2030 + α · (TM-TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2030

is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.2;

is a2030 where the average test mass of a manufacturer’s new light commercial vehicles is equal to or lower than TM0, and a2021 where the average test mass of a manufacturer’s new light commercial vehicles is higher than TM0;

where:

a2030

a2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

average emissions2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

TM0

is as defined in point 6.2.1

6.2.3 Specific emissions reference targets for 2035 onwards

Specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2035 + α · (TM-TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2035

is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.3;

is a2035,L where the average test mass of a manufacturer’s new light commercial vehicles is equal to or lower than TM0, and a2035,H where the average test mass of a manufacturer’s new light commercial vehicles is higher than TM0;

where:

a2035,L

a2035,H

average emissions2021

is as defined in point 6.2.1

TM0

is as defined in point 6.2.1.

6.3.

Specific emissions targets from 2025 onwards

6.3.1

Specific emissions targets for 2025 to 2029

Specific emissions target = (specific emissions reference target – (øtargets – EU fleet-wide target2025)) · ZLEV factor

where:

specific emissions reference target

is the specific emissions reference target of CO2 determined in accordance with point 6.2.1;

øtargets

is the average, weighted on the number of new light commercial vehicles of each individual manufacturer, of all the specific emissions reference targets determined in accordance with point 6.2.1;

ZLEV factor

is (1 + y – x), unless this sum is larger than 1,05 or lower than 1,0 in which case the ZLEV factor shall be set to 1,05 or 1,0, as the case may be;

where:

is the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the manufacturer's fleet of new light commercial vehicles calculated as the total number of new zero- and low-emission vehicles, where each of them is counted as ZLEVspecific in accordance with the following formula, divided by the total number of new light commercial vehicles registered in the relevant calendar year:

ZLEVspecific = 1 –

is 17 % in the years 2025 to 2029.

6.3.2

Specific emissions targets for 2030 to 2034

Specific emissions target = specific emissions reference target – (øtargets - EU fleet-wide target2030)

where:

specific emissions reference target

is the specific emissions reference target for the manufacturer determined in accordance with point 6.2.2;

øtargets

is the average, weighted on the number of new light commercial vehicles of each individual manufacturer, of all the specific emissions reference targets determined in accordance with point 6.2.2;

EU fleet-wide target2030

is as determined in point 6.1.2.

6.3.3

Specific emissions targets for 2035 onwards

Specific emissions target = specific emissions reference target – (øtargets - EU fleet-wide target2035)

where:

specific emissions reference target

is the specific emissions reference target for the manufacturer determined in accordance with point 6.2.3;

øtargets

is the average, weighted on the number of new light commercial vehicles of each individual manufacturer, of all the specific emissions reference targets determined in accordance with point 6.2.3;

EU fleet-wide target2035

is as determined in point 6.1.3.

ANNEX II

MONITORING AND REPORTING OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW PASSENGER CARS

PART A

Collection of data on new passenger cars and determination of CO2 emissions monitoring information

1a.

►M6 Member States shall, for each calendar year, record the following detailed data for each new passenger car registered as an M1 vehicle in their territory and transmit it to the Commission in accordance with Article 7(2) in the format set out in Part B, Section 2A: ◄

(1)

The manufacturer;

(2)

The type approval number and its extensions;

(3)

The type, variant, and version;

(4)

Make and commercial name;

(5)

Vehicle interpolation family identifier;

(5a)

Roadload family’s identifier or Roadload Matrix family’s identifier;

(6)

Vehicle identification number;

(7)

Category of vehicle type approved;

(8)

Category of vehicle registered;

(9)

Date of first registration;

(9a)

Character corresponding to the provisions used for type-approval;

(10)

The specific emissions of CO2;

(11)

Fuel consumption;

(12)

Mass in running order;

(13)

Test mass;

(14)

Fuel type and fuel mode;

(15)

Electric energy consumption;

(16)

Electric range;

(17)

Eco-innovation code(s);

(18)

Eco-innovation CO2 emission savings;

(20)

Engine capacity;

(21)

Maximum net power.

The detailed data referred to in point 1a. shall be taken from the certificate of conformity of the relevant passenger car unless indicated otherwise in Part B, Section 2A of this Annex.

2a.

In the case of bi-fuelled vehicles running on petrol and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or on petrol and compressed natural gas (CNG), the certificates of conformity of which include specific emissions of CO2 values for both types of fuels, Member States shall report the value for LPG or CNG as the case may be.

In the case of flex-fuel vehicles using petrol and ethanol (E85) fuel, Member States shall report the specific emissions of CO2 value for petrol.

Member States shall, for each calendar year, determine:

(a)

the total number of new registrations of new passenger cars subject to EC type-approval;

(b)

the total number of new registrations of new individually approved passenger cars;

(c)

the total number of new registrations of new passenger cars subject to national type-approval of small series.

PART B

Format for the transmission of data

For each year, Member States shall report the information specified in points 1 and 3 of Part A in the following formats:

Entry into force