1. Articles 70 to 77 shall apply to companies the shares of which are admitted to official listing on a stock exchange situated or operating in a Member State, whether the admission is of the shares themselves or of certificates representing them, and whenever the date of this admission occurred.
2. The provisions mentioned in paragraph 1 shall not, however, apply to investment undertakings other than those of the closed-end type.
3. The Member States may exclude central banks from the scope of the provisions mentioned in paragraph 1.